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Physiology Block 6 > Cardiac Function > Flashcards

Cardiac Function Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Heart’s job

A

Pump blood

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2
Q

How much blood in one beat gets ejected?

A

1 stroke volume

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3
Q

How do you measure cardiac output?

A

SV*HR=CO

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4
Q

What is a normal cardiac output?

A

5.7L/min

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5
Q

What are two ways you can regulate cardiac output?

A

Heart rate

Stroke volume

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6
Q

What’s the easiest way to change or regulate CO

A

Heart rate

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7
Q

How do you alter the heart rate in order to regulate CO?

A

With a chronotrope (any substance that affects HR)

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8
Q

How can you change the stroke volume so that you can change CO?

A
  1. Altering preload (frank starling) (volume at end of diastole)
  2. Altering afterload (force-velocity) (systemic BP)
  3. Contractility (Ca2+ sensitivity)
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9
Q

When preload is changed, how will the heart pump different?

A

It still pumps exactly what it is given, so more force is generated in order to eject extra load.

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10
Q

When changing preload, what changes?

A

EDV

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11
Q

When changing preload, what stays the same?

A

ESV

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12
Q

CO between left and right side of heart

A

They match

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13
Q

Changing preload is changing what law

A

Frank starling

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14
Q

What relationship do you change when you change afterload?

A

Force velocity relationship

Increased work the heart has to do

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15
Q

What stays the same in changing the afterload?

A

EDV

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16
Q

What changes in changing the afterload?

A

ESV

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17
Q

If the afterload is increased

A

Heart will spend more time generating force and less time ejecting volume

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18
Q

What does changing contractility do

A

Changes muscle performance at any preload or afterload

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19
Q

What also means how efficient the heart is

A

Contractility

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20
Q

How does changing contractility work

A

Alters calcium handling sensitivity of TnC

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21
Q

What are substances that affect contractility?

A

Inotropes

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22
Q

What do positive inotropes do

A

Increase contractility

  • increases SV by decreasing ESV
  • heart more efficient
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23
Q

What do negative inotropes do

A

Decrease contractility

  • decrease SV by increasing ESV
  • heart less efficient
24
Q

What kind of inotrope causes the heart to generate more force and eject more blood?

A

Positive inotrope

25
Q

On the loop graph, what do we look at to determine changes in contractility?

A

Look at change of the slope from end of systole to 0. This indicates contractility if its slanted

26
Q

If the ESV is 50mls and the EDV is 150mls, what is the stroke volume?

A

150-50=100

27
Q

If the ESV is 50mls and the EDV is 150mls and heart rate is 100bpm, what is the cardiac output?

A

150-50=100

100*100=10,000ml/min (10L/min)

28
Q

Predict the effect of a negative chronotrope of diastolic filling time

A

Increased

29
Q

Series of curves relating preload to cardiac output

A

Cardiac function curve (frank starling curve)

30
Q

Altering preload (venous return) on cardiac function curve does what

A

Moves along the same curve

31
Q

Altering contractility or afterload on a cardiac function curve does what

A

Makes a new curve

32
Q

What two types of graphs does afterload show on

A

Frank starling, and vascular function

33
Q

On a cardiac function curve, what happens if you increase contractility?

A

A new curve will appear higher up on the graph

34
Q

On the cardiac function curve, if you decrease contractility, what will you see?

A

A curve below the normal curve on the graph

35
Q

If you add a beta agonist, what will this do to the cardiac function curve?

A

It will increase contractility so it will give us a curve higher up on the graph above the normal line

36
Q

What will sympathetic stimulation do to a cardiac function curve

A

Increases contractility so the curve will be higher above the normal curve

37
Q

If you add Ca2+, what will this do to the cardiac function curve

A

It will increase contractility, causing the curve to be higher up on the graph than the normal line

38
Q

If the preload is the same, but cardiac output is increased what does this mean

A

Increased contractility

39
Q

If you add a positive inotrope, how does that change the cardiac function graph?

A

Causes the curve to be up higher than the normal curve because of increased contractility

40
Q

If you give someone a negative inotrope, what will this do to the cardiac function graph?

A

Cause the curve to be lower than the normal one due to decreased contractility

41
Q

What will a B-blocker do to the cardiac function curve?

A

Cause the curve to be lower than the normal curve due to decreased contractility

42
Q

How do you get a change on the same curve on the cardiac function graph?

A

Change preload or stroke volume

43
Q

Series of curves relating to venous blood pressure to venous return

A

Vascular function curve

44
Q

What does the vascular function curve show

A

Shows that as RA pressure increases, venous retune decreases
-CO would also fall because no blood flow

45
Q

Changing what things would cause the curve to be shifted in vascular function curve

A
  • blood volume

- vascular compliance/resistance (SVR)

46
Q

What will decreasing the resistance do to pressure

A

Increase it

47
Q

On the vascular function curve, what does decreased resistance look like?

A

It will be a curve that is higher up on the graph above the normal curve.

Harder to pump blood

48
Q

What does increased resistance look like on a vascular function curve?

A

A curve below the normal curve

49
Q

If you increase blood volume, what will this look like on a vascular function curve?

A

A curve above the normal curve

50
Q

If you increase the blood volume, what will this look like on the vascular function curve?

A

A curve lower than the normal one

51
Q

As pressure in RA increases, what happens to venous retune as well as cardiac output?

A

Both decrease

52
Q

What does combining the cardiac function (frank starling) curve and the vascular function curve do

A

Allows for comparisons of venous retune and CO and physiological changes can be visualized

53
Q

On the combined function curve, where is the steady state?

A

Where the two lines meat

54
Q

Changes to inputs on the combined functions curve does what

A

Shifts lines, new intersection is the new steady state

55
Q

PNS does not cause increased contractility directly, but how can if decrease contractility indirectly?

A

Because PNS will increase preload, which then causes increases contractility

56
Q

What does a B blocker do to contractility and afterload

A

Decrease contractility, increase afterload

Physiology Block 6 (7 decks)

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