Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Drugs > Cardiac drugs (Hypertension) > Flashcards

Cardiac drugs (Hypertension) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first line treatment for hypertension in over 55s or for blacks?

A

Calcium channel blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is first line treatment for a white under 55

A

ARB or ACE inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is second line treatment?

A

Calcium channel blocker + ace inhibitor or ARB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the third line treatment for hypertension?

A

ARB or ACE inhibitor Calcium channel blocker + thizides like diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bendroflumethiazide

A

Thiazine diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Four types of diuretics?

A

1) osmotic diuretic (PCT) 2) Loop diuretic (Loop of Henle) 3) thiazides diuretic (DCT) 4) potassium sparing diuretics (collecting duct)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

mannitol

A

Common osmotic diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Furosemide (LASIX) ( I have to pee furiously) Bumetanide

A

Common loop diuretic

(Loop diuretic - Lasix)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Bendroflumethiazide Indapamide

A

Thiazides diuretics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Spironolactone (can cause breast enlargement lactose) Amiloride (spiral on lactose)

A

Potassium sparing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do ace inhibitors work?

A

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor stops angiotensin I being converted to angiotensin II which caused vasoconstriction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do ARB’s work?

A

They stop block angiotensin II receptors preventing vasoconstriction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ramipril

Lisinopril

Perindopril

A

Common ACE inhibitors?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Candesartan

Losartan

A

Candesartan

Losartan

Common ARBs?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which beta blocker effect which?

A

beta 1 - heart

beta 2 - lungs

1st generation tend to be non-selective

2nd generation tend to be selective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bisoprolol

Atenolol

A

Selective beta blockers?

17
Q

propranolol (probably going to cause some lung probs)

A

Non-selective beta blockers?

18
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A

Two distinct classes:

1) dihydropyridine
2) non-dihydropyridine

Both are vasodilators but 2 also works directly on the heart as an anti-dysrhythmics.

19
Q

Nifedipine

Amlodipine

A

Common dihydropyridines (Ca+ channel blockers)

20
Q

Diltiazem

A

Common non-dihydropyridines (Ca+ channel blockers)

21
Q

What is the difference between the various generations of beta-blockers?

A
  1. the 1st generation is non-selective (propranolol, sotalol, etc),
  2. the 2nd is beta1-selective (“cardioselective”) (metoprolol, bisoprolol, atenolol, etc),
  3. the 3rd shows additional vasodilating effects (carvedilol, nebivolol, etc), most effective in the decrease of blood pressure.
22
Q

Where are Alpha-receptors located and what do they do when stimulated?

A

On the arteries.

When stimulated by epinephrine or norepinephrine ( which act on both A1 and A2 receptors), the arteries constrict = increased blood pressure and increased blood flow returning to the heart.

The blood vessels in skeletal muscles lack alpha-receptors because they need to stay open to utilize the increased blood pumped by the heart

23
Q

Types of sympathetic receptors?

A
  • Alpha 1
  • Alpha 2
  • Beta 1 (heart)
  • Beta 2 (lungs)
24
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Converts to nitric oxide which acts as a vasoldilator. Can make people dizzy.

25
Q

What do Alpha 1 receptors do?

A
  1. smooth muscle contraction:
    • mydriasis,
    • vasosconstriction in the skin, mucosa and abdominal viscera
    • sphincter contraction of the GI tract and urinary bladder
26
Q

What do Alpha 2 receptors do?

A
  1. smooth muscle mixed effects
  2. norepinephrine (noradrenaline) inhibition
  3. platelet activation
  4. redcue peripheral vascular resistance
    5.
27
Q

What do Alpha 1 antagonists do?

A

vasoconstriction and mydriasis

28
Q

What Alph 2 agonists do?

A

Reduces vasomotor CNS activiation = reduced BP and sedation.

29
Q

Doxazosin

Tamsulosin

A

jUsed in benign prostatic hyperplasia

30
Q

Clonidine

A

Alpha 2 agonist reduces blood pressure

Also used in tourettes syndrome

31
Q

What ocular side effects can be caused by ace inhibitors?

A
  1. Decreased vision
  2. photophobia
  3. conjunctivitis
  4. retinal haemorrhage if associated anaemia
32
Q

What ocular side effects may beta-blockers and diuretics cause?

A

Dry eye due to decreased tear production

Conjunctivitis

Corneal epithelial damage

Drugs (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions