Cardiac Cycle and Sounds Flashcards
What is the slow action potential of the cardiac AP?
from the SA & AV nodes
influx of Ca2+
How are the fast and slow APs of the cardiac AP different?
fast AP due to Na+ influx into atrial & ventricular myocytes while slow AP due to Ca2+ influx @ SA/AV nodes
At what phase is the heart @ rest? (fast AP)
What gates are closed?
Phase 4
voltage gated Na+, K+ & Ca2+ channels are closed
What is open during phase 0 of fast AP?
depolarization: voltage gated Na+ channels open & cell
What is open during phase 1 of fast AP?
repolarization: Na+ channels inactivate & voltage gated K+ channels open (K+ will leave)
What is open during phase 2 of fast AP?
opening of Ca2+ channels that opposes leaving of K+ so membrane potential stabilized @ more + value
When does repolarization complete of fast AP?
Phase 3 (Ca2+ channels close, K+ channels still open)
What occurs during phase 4 of slow AP?
steady depolarization b/c opening of “funny” Na+ channels
What controls the heart rate?
changing how fast the funny Na+ channels open
Which cardiac tissue has the greatest number of funny Na+ channels?
SA node (heart pacemaker that is brought to threshold the fastest)
What is open during phase 0 of slow AP?
Ca2+ channels (Ca2+ influx is slower)
Which phase is not present in phase 1 of slow AP?
Phase 1 (repolarization)
What is the repolarization phase of the slow AP?
Phase 3 (efflux of K+)
On a normal ECG, what does the P wave represent?
atrial depolarization (from SA node depolarization)
On a normal ECG, what does the QRS complex represent?
phase 0 depolarization of ventricular myocytes
cells are depolarizing b/c influx of Na+
On a normal ECG, what does the T wave represent?
ventricular repolarization (efflux of K+)
What is the PR interval?
starts @ beginning of P wave & ends with start of QRS complex
time it takes for depolarization to pass from atria to ventricles via AV node
What most directly influences the PR interval?
slow conduction velocity of the AV node
What is the ST segment?
begins @ end of QRS complex & ends w/ start of T wave
assoc w/ phase 2 of fast AP (prolonged depolarization b/c Ca2+ influx into cell)
What is the QR interval?
starts w/ QRS complex & ends @ end of T wave
total time any ventricular myocites are depolarized
