Cardiac Cycle and Sounds Flashcards
What are the 5 parts to the 5 finger method?
History Physical ECG X-Ray Lab tests
What is the proper sequence for a physical examination of the heart?
Inspect
Palpate
Percuss
Auscultate
What makes the S1 sound?
Mitral and tricuspid valves closing
*beginning of ventricular systole
What makes the S2 sound?
Aortic and pulmonic valves closing
*end of ventricular systole
Where is the aortic heart sound found?
2nd ICS at RSB
Where is the pulmonic heart sound found?
2nd ICS at LSB
Where is the tricuspid heart sound found?
4th ICS at LSB
Where is the mitral heart sound/apex of the heart found?
5th ICS, L of sternum at mid-clavicular line
What is the murmur grading system?
1 - barely audible, faint 2 - soft, but audible 3 - loud, without thrill 4 - loud, with thrill 5 - loud with minimal stethoscope contact 6 - lout with no stethoscope contact
When does a midsystolic murmur occur?
Starts after S1, ends before S2
When does a pansystolic/holosystolic murmur occur?
Starts at S1, ends at S2
When does a late systolic murmur occur?
Starts mid-late systole, persists up to S2
When does an early diastolic murmur occur?
Starts immediately after S2, fades away before S1
When does a mid-diastolic murmur occur?
Starts after S2, fades away before S1
What is the Kussmauls sign and when is it commonly seen?
JVP rises during inspiration, rather than falls
Seen in R heart failure, RV infarction
What is preload?
Stretching of myocytes prior to contraction
What is afterload?
Load on heart during ejection of blood from ventricle
What is contractility?
Capacity to produce active force at specified preload
