Cardiac Basics Flashcards
Outcomes Measures Cardiac Auscultations Lung Sounds Vocabulary
Normal Heart Rate for Adults?
60-100 bpm
How much does HR rise during exercise?
Typically, HR will increase 10 bpm per MET level increase in activity
Normal Respiratory Rate for Adults
12-20 breaths per minutes
Blood Pressure Equation
BP = CO (Cardiac Output) x TPR (Total Peripheral Resistance)
What do Pulse Ox readings less than 90% indicate?
Potential Hypoxemia
What is Hypoxemia?
An absence of enough oxygen in the tissues to sustain bodily function
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
Sensation of Shortness of Breath that awakens patient, often 1 or 2 hours of sleep and is usually relieved in upright position
Orthopnea
Sensation of breathlessness in the recumbent position relieved by sitting or standing.
Trepopnea
Dyspnea that occurs in one lateral decubitus position
Platypnea
Refers to breathlessness that occurs in the upright position and is relieved with recumbency
Dyspnea scale
0 = No dyspnea
1 = Mild Noticeable
2 = Mild some difficulty
3 = Moderate difficulty but can continue
4 = severe difficulty, cannot continue
Presentation of Angina symptoms ?
Classic sign: Substernal chest pressure & Levine sign
Other: Heaviness in shoulders, jaw, arm, elbow, or upper back between scapulae
Angina Scale
0 = No angina
1 = Light, barely noticeable
2 = Moderate, bothersome
3 = Severe, very uncomfortable: periinfarction pain
4 = Most pain ever experienced: infarction pain
S1 indicates
Closure of Mitral and Tricuspid Valve - beginning of systole
S2 indicates
Closing of Aortic and Pulmonic valve - end of systole
