Cardiac Arrhythmias Flashcards
What are normal HRs for dogs and cats?
Dog: 60-160
Cat: 140-220
What can cause a wide QRS?
Ventricular origin
Supreventricular origin: right or left bundle branch block, aberrant conduction
What is Pā (prime)?
P wave not originating from SA node
AV junction origin
Atrial origin: different morphology from sinus P wave
What is an F wave vs f wave?
F: Atrial flutter (multiple P waves next to eachother, sawtooth pattern)
f: Atrial fibrillation
What looks like a normal heart rate but has a wide QRS?
Sinus rhythm w/ left bundle branch block
What does a normal sinus rhythm look like:
Normal rate
Narrow QRS
Regular R-R
Sinus axis P wave
P and QRS associated
Sustained
What are the main tachycardias that we see?
Ventricular tachycardia
Atrial fibrillation
Sinus tachycardia
Supraventricular tachycardias
What does paroxysmal behavior refer to?
Abrupt starting and stopping of rhythm
What is v-fib?
Disorganzied electrical activity in the ventricles
Chaotic
Form of cardiac arrest
Resolution w/ lidocaine tx supports the diagnosis of what?
Ventricular tachycardia
What is the hallmark feature of atrial fibrillation?
Irregularly (chaotic) irregular R-R internval
What are the bradycardias we worry about?
Sinus bradycardia
Sinus pause with junctional escape (AV)
Atrial standstill
AV block
Is sinus bradycardia always a concern?
LArge dogs normally have lower HRs
Athletes can have lower HRs
What drugs can induce bradycardia?
Alpha-2s, opioids, digoxin, beta blockers
What can hyperkalemia cause?
Atrial standstill
Severe hyperkalemia stops atria from beating shortly before it stops ventricles from beating
