Cardiac anatomy

Question 1

left coronary artery arises from:

Answer 1

left sinus of Valsalva near the sinotubular ridge

Question 2

what is the difference between the septal branches and diagonal branches of the LAD?

Answer 2

septal branches quickly reach and penetrate the myocardium. the diagonal branches course laterally to the LV free wall

Question 3

left main coronary artery branches into:

Answer 3

the left circumflex and LAD

Question 4

what is the course of the LCx?

Answer 4

courses in the left AV groove, giving rise to obtuse marginal branches

Question 5

what does the LCx supply?

Answer 5

LV free wall and a variable portion of the anterolateral papillary muscle

Question 6

What is the ramus intermedius?

Answer 6

variant anatomy. in about 15% of people the left main trifurcates and the ramus intermedius courses laterally to supply the LV free wall

Question 7

where does the RCA normally arise?

Answer 7

right coronary sinus

Question 8

what is the “conus artery”

Answer 8

supplies the RVOT (conus arteriosis) and forms the circle of Vieussens - an anastomosis with the LAD circulation origin: 50-60% from RCA 30-40% directly from aorta

Question 9

what i the circle of Vieussens?

Answer 9

anastomosis of RCA with LAD circulation. conus artery –> LAD

Question 10

LCx branches

Answer 10

obtuse marginal

Question 11

SA node artery supply:

Answer 11

60% of the time from RCA 40% from LCx

Question 12

largest ventricular branch from RCA

Answer 12

acute marginal branch

Question 13

what determines “dominance”

Answer 13

the coronary artery that gives rise to the posterior descending artery (PDA) determines dominance

Question 14

% RCA is dominant

Answer 14

70%

Question 15

proximal LAD

Answer 15

left main bifurcation to the first septal branch

Question 16

average coronary artery diameter in men and women

Answer 16

men - 4mm women - 3mm

Question 17

definition of a coronary artery aneurysm

Answer 17

1.5 times the diameter of an adjacent normal coronary artery

Question 18

what is the Tebesian valve?

Answer 18

valve from coronary sinus to RA

Question 19

what is the crista terminalis?

Answer 19

muscular ridge that separates the smooth muscle fibers of the posterior RA from the trabeculated muscle fibers anteriorly

Question 20

what is the eustachian valve?

Answer 20

(also known as the “valve of the inferior vena cava”) is a ridge of variable thickness in the inferior right atrium. It is a remnant of a fetal structure that directed incoming oxygenated blood to the foramen ovale and away from the right atrium. Incomplete regression of this structure results in a thickened ridge at the IVC/RA junction, which can occasionally be thick enough to mimic thrombus or a right atrial mass on echocardiography, cardiac CT, or cardiac MRI.

Question 21

what is the moderator band?

Answer 21

only in the RV (distinguishes RV from LV in congenital heart disease) muscular band extending from the interventricular septum to the base of the anterior papillary muscle. part of the right bundle branch conduction system

Question 22

what variant pulmonary vein anatomy has a high association with atrial fibrillation

Answer 22

right middle PV

Question 23

Answer 23