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CORE Cardiac > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

stages of hypoplastic left heart surgery

A
  1. Norwood with Blalock-Taussig shunt or Sano (modification of Norwood) 2. Bi-directional Glenn 3. Fontan
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2
Q

Norwood

A

goal: all systemic flow from RV - neoaorta constructed via side-to-side anastomosis of MPA and hypoplastic aorta - Blalock-Taussig shunt to divert some flow to lungs (systemic-pulmonary shunt)

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3
Q

Blalock-Taussig shunt

A

synthetic graft from Right Subclavian Artery to Right Pulmonary Artery

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4
Q

Sano shunt

A

Right Ventricle –> Right Pulmonary Artery

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5
Q

Bi-directional Glenn

A

SVC –> RPA (bi-directional because RPA left open to allow blood to flow into both lungs

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6
Q

Fontan

A

RA -or- IVC –> PA All blood flow bypasses lungs

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7
Q

MC location for angiosarcoma

A

Right atrium

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8
Q

Normal MV area

A

4-6 cm^2

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9
Q

Moderate MV stenosis

A

1 - 1.5 cm^2

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10
Q

MC locations of cardiac lipomas

A

atrial septum > right atrium > LV

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11
Q

Blalock-Hanlon procedure

A
  • removal of Atrial septum - used in complete Transposition
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12
Q

normal aortic valve area

A

> 2.0 cm^2

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13
Q

signs of high risk plaque on CTA

A
  • stenosis > 50% - positive remodeling - napkin ring sign - spotty calcifications - low attenuation plaque
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14
Q
A

napkin ring sign (high risk plaque)

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15
Q
A

thebesian valve

(@ junction of coronary sinus and RA)

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16
Q

what marks junction of coronary sinus and great cardiac vein?

A

valve of Vieussens

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17
Q

what is remnant of left SVC?

A

ligament of Marshall

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18
Q

what is location of ligament of Marshall?

A

left atrium and left superior pulmonary vein

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19
Q

LV papillary muscles

A

anterior and posterior

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20
Q

coronary artery anomalies are associated with

A
  • Trisomy 18
  • Klinefelter’s
  • Bland-White-Garland
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21
Q

situs inversus incompletus

A

levocardia + right-sided stomach

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22
Q

situs inversus totalis

A

dextrocardia + right-sided stomach

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23
Q

Kartagener’s triad

A
  • sinusitis
  • bronchiectasis
  • situs inversus
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24
Q

papillary muscle rupture time point

A

2-7 days post-MI

25
Q

giant coronary artery aneurysm size in Kawasaki’s

A

8 mm

26
Q

horseshoe lung is associated with what?

A

scimitar syndrome

27
Q

Heyde syndrome

A

aortic valve stenosis + colonic angiodysplasia

28
Q

how thick is LV wall in HCM?

A

> 15 mm

29
Q
A

Snowman

TAPVR

30
Q

MC location for LV aneurysm

A

anterior-lateral wall

31
Q

MC location for LV pseudoaneurysm

A

posterior-lateral wall

32
Q

DDx Newborn CHF

A
  • TAPVR (type 3 - infracardiac)
  • congential aortic or mitral valve stenosis
  • left hypoplastic heart
  • cor triatriatum
  • pre-ductal (infantile) coarctation
33
Q
A

moderator band

34
Q

what are the 2 papillary muscles of the LV?

A
  • anterolateral
  • posteromedial
35
Q

which artery supplies the posteromedial papillary muscle?

A

RCA

36
Q

which arteries supplies the anterolateral papillary muscle?

A

LCx and LAD

37
Q
A

right atrial appendage

38
Q
A

interatrial septum

39
Q

which vein courses with PDA in the posterior IV groove?

A

middle cardiac vein

40
Q
A

membranous septum

41
Q
A

ligament of Marshall

42
Q

ligament of Marshall is anatomically positioned where?

A

between LA appendage ostium and superior pulmonary vein

43
Q

severely decreased EF

A

< 35 %

44
Q

metoprolol acts on which beta receptor

A

beta-1

45
Q

Bernoulli equation

A

pressure gradient = 4(vmax^2)

46
Q

severe aortic stenosis pressure gradient

A

> 40 mmHg

47
Q

severe aortic stenosis velocity

A

> 4.0 m/s

48
Q

severe aortic insufficiency regurgitant volume

A

60 ml

49
Q

severe aortic insuff regurgitant fraction

A

> 50%

50
Q

2 sets of images produced during phase contrast cardiac MR

A
  • magnitude
  • phase velocity map
51
Q

sinus venosus ASD association

A

right upper lobe PAPVR

52
Q

unroofed coronary sinus association

A

left SVC

53
Q
A

unroofed coronary sinus

54
Q
A

sinus venosus ASD

55
Q

ideal position of IABP

A

2-3 cm distal to left subclavian origin

56
Q
A

SA nodal artery (courses posteriorly)

57
Q

1st branch off RCA and direction/course

A

conus, courses anteriorly to pulmonary outflow tract

58
Q

crista supraventricularis is also called?

located in which cardiac chamber?

separates what from what

A

ventriculoinfundibular fold

right ventricle

tricuspid from pulmonic valve

59
Q

at what % myocardial involvement in infarct is considered unlikely to recover function?

A

>50%

CORE Cardiac (10 decks)

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