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Human Organs and Tissues > Cardiac anatomy > Flashcards

Cardiac anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the right border of the heart?

A

Right atrium

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2
Q

What forms the left border of the heart?

A

left atrium and left ventricle

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3
Q

What forms the inferior border of the heart?

A

Right ventricle and some left ventricle

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4
Q

What forms most of the anterior surface of the heart?

A

The right ventricle

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5
Q

Where would you best position a stethoscope to listen to the valves?

A

Aorta: right of the midline around rib 2
Pulmonary: slightly to the left of midline around rib 2
Mitral: apex of the heart
Tricuspid: to the left of midline around rib 5

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6
Q

The upper and lower chambers of the heart are ___ isolated

A

electrically

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7
Q

Describe the flow of blood through the heart

A

Descending/ascending vena cava –> right atrium –> right ventricle –> pulmonary arteries –> lungs –> left atrium –> left ventricle –> aorta

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8
Q

impulse in what node controls heart rate?

A

Sinoatrial node

- Determined by the leakiness of the phase 4 of the action potential

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9
Q

What are the 3 anatomical sections of the heart?

A

Apical (end - left ventricle)
Middle
Basal (atria and aorta)

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10
Q

What is different between the two atrial appendages?

A

The right atrial appendage is larger and rounder than that of the left atrial appendage

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11
Q

What is the configuration/direction/angle of the two great arteries (aorta and PA) leaving the heart?

A

Pulmonary artery: anterior to the aorta, towards left shoulder

Aorta: posterior to the PA, towards right shoulder

  • the PA does pass under the aorta though, even if it starts anteriorly

Angle between the aorta-PA is 60-90 degrees

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12
Q

Which pulmonary artery and
which mainstem bronchus
travel under the aortic arch?

A

Right pulmonary artery and left bronchus

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13
Q

Heart is almost exclusively dependent on ____ metabolism

A

aerobic

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14
Q

The right coronary artery (RCA) arises from…

A

right sinus of Valsalva

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15
Q

Where does the RCA travel?

A

Courses between RA and RV in atrio-ventricular groove

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16
Q

the RCA then branches into what two things? What parts of the heart do they supply? when is this the case

A 
Acute Marginals (feeds RV) and the majority of the time the Posterior Interventricular Artery (PDA)
- true for right dominant circulation
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17
Q

The left coronary artery (LCA) arises from…?

A

the left sinus of Valsalva

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18
Q

What is the name of the first, short segment of the LCA?

A

the left main

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19
Q

What does the left main (LCA) branch into?

A
  1. Circumflex

2. Left Anterior Descending (LAD)

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20
Q

Where does the Circumflex travel? What does it then divide into? what do they feed?

A

Travels in the Left Atrio-Ventricular Groove

Gives rise to Obtuse Marginal Branches that feed Lateral LV wall

21
Q

What does the LAD feed?

A

septum and LV free wall

22
Q

What does the LAD give rise to?

A

Diagonals and Septal Branches

23
Q

Which is the most important artery supplying the heart?

A

The LAD

24
Q

Cardiac veins are ___ with arteries

A

Paired

25
Q

the majority of cardiac veins drain into the? where?

A

Coronary Sinus (great cardiac vein) in posterior AV groove

26
Q

which branches drain directly into the right atrium?

A

the RV venous branches drain directly to RA

27
Q

What is the anatomy of the right atrial walls? what separates them?

A

Smooth and trabeculated walls, separated by crista terminalis

28
Q

Where do the superior and inferior vena cava drain into? (which wall)

A

into the smooth walled portion

29
Q

Fossa Ovalis is formed from….

A

downward migration of septum secundum and upward migration of septum primum

30
Q

what is the fossa ovalis?

A

a depression in the right atrium of the heart, at the level of the interatrial septum, the wall between right and left atrium.

The fossa ovalis is the remnant of a thin fibrous sheet that covered the foramen ovale during fetal development

31
Q

Which two things are not present in the left atrium?

A

No Crista Terminalis

No Pectinate Muscles

32
Q

Which valve allows for unidirectional flow from the RA to the RV?

A

Tricuspid valve

33
Q

How many leaflets does the tricuspid valve have?

A

3

34
Q

what is used to attach the leaflets to the muscles of the heart wall?

A

Chordae

35
Q

AV valves generally depend on… (5 things) for proper functioning

A

hinge lines, valve tissue, chordae, papillary muscles and ventricular wall function for proper performance

36
Q

Which valve is present between the LA and the LV?

A

the mitral valve

37
Q

how many leaflets does the mitral valve have?

A

2

38
Q

in AV valves, the chordae are attached to..?

A

the heart muscle inside the ventricle and to the leaflet of the valve

39
Q

term for heart contraction?

A

systole

40
Q

Term for heart relaxation?

A

diastole

41
Q

What is the morphology of the right ventricle?

A

Trabeculated apical portion

Smooth muscle outflow tract (infundibulum) that leads into the pulmonary trunk

42
Q

What is the morphology of the left ventricle?

A

similar to the right ventricle with a trabeculated apical portion

43
Q

Using a comparison to food, at the Short-Axis View (Mid-Ventricular Level), the right ventricle looks like a __ while the left ventricle looks like a ___

A

right: croissant
left: donut

44
Q

what is the acute margin?

A

the peak formed by the right ventricle from a Short-Axis View (Mid-Ventricular Level)

45
Q

what is the obtuse margin?

A

broader peak formed by the left ventricle at a Short-Axis View (Mid-Ventricular Level)

46
Q

In right dominant circulation, the LAD supplies __% of the Left Ventricle? the RCA supplies _% and the Left circumflex supplies _%

A

LAD: 50
RCA: 35
LCX: 15

47
Q

What is the morphology of the semilunar valves? where are they located?

A

Three leaflets, suspended from the pulmonary trunk and aortic root

Scalloped (commissures/hinge lines)

48
Q

What do the semilunar valves depend on to function properly?

A

Competency dependent on attachments and elastic/collagenous nature of the leaflet tissue as well as the dimensions of the root and trunk
- no muscle function or chordae

Human Organs and Tissues (16 decks)

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