Cardiac Flashcards
What is a friction rub an indication of?
Pericarditis
It will have no change with respiration’s.
What are the components of Beck’s Triad?
- decreased BP
- muffled heart sounds
- raised jugular venous pressure
List the heart valves in order left to right.
TPAM
What does MAP stand for?
Mean arterial pressure.
What does MAP mean?
Perfusion pressure that end organs ‘see’.
The average pressure in a pt’s arteries during one cardiac cycle.
How is MAP calculated?
MAP= SBP +2(DBP)
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3
What do nitrates do the help in the treatment of CHF?
Decrease the preload and after load.
What are two things that BiPAP does?
- increases intrathoracic pressure causing decrease in preload and after load
- increases cardiac output
List signs of carcinogenic shock.
- SBP less than 90%
- decreased urine output
- peripherally shut down
- myocardial dysfunction
Mortality is high 48-72%
_______ is a problem with the heart muscle.
Does not include CAD, valvular disorders.
Cardiomyopathy
List the three cardiomyopothies?
Displayed
Hypertrophic
Restrictive
Which cardiomyopathy is described?
Systolic function impaired, leading indication for heart transplant
Dilated
Enlarged + Thin
Which cardiomyopathy is described?
Abnormal diastolic function, poor pre fill, exertion all syncope, often die young, VF sudden death, no CHF, have murmur
Hypertrophic
Thick
Which cardiomyopathy is described?
Abnormal diastolic, sarcomere dysfunction common to all, autoimmune often causes, least common, poor prognosis, typically young
Restrictive
Stiff
What 12 lead has global elevation?
Pericarditis
This is an early sign.
No nitro, caution with fentanyl, don’t want to decrease preload. ASA is ok. Can have fever. Pain is sudden or gradual. Decreased SBP with narrow pulse pressure.
Myocarditis - what do you know?
Often leads to dial aged cardiomyopathy
Rare, early fatal
May have or have recently had a viral illness
Symptoms of CHF
Endocarditis
Weird shim issues. Janeway lesions, Roth spots, solar nodes, petechia
Where are clotting factors mostly made?
Liver
Which heart failure?
Fatigue Increased venous pressure Distended jugular veins Weight gain Dependant edema Enlarged liver and spleen Ascites
Right (cor pulmonale)
Which heart failure?
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea Restlessness Confusion Orthopnea Tachycardia Fatigue Exertion also dyspnea Cyanosis Pulmonary congestion - cough, crackles, wheezes, blood tinged sputum, tachypnea
Left sided failure
What are the functional classes of heart failure?
1 no physical limitations
2 slight limitations in the form of moderate exertion
3 marked limitation of minimal exertion
4 symptoms at rest
What is Frank Starling’s law?
The stroke volume of the left ventricle will increase as the left ventricle volume increases due to the myocyte stretch causing a more forceful contraction.
Cardiac output increases or decreases in response to changes in heart rate or stroke volume.
Increase venous eternal increases the ventricular filling (end-diastolic volume) and therefore preload which is the initial stretching of the cardiac myocytes prior to contraction. Myocyte stretching increases the sarcoma Reg length which causes an increase in force generation and enables the heart to eject the additional venous return, thereby increasing stroke volume.
