Cardiac Flashcards
treatment for heart failure and AFIB. Cardiac glycoside
digoxin
MOA and SE of digoxin
MOA is increased force and efficiency of heart contractions and decreased HR. SE: dysrhythmias, bradycardia, toxicity is GI upset, vision changes, fatigue and weakness
digoxin levels
0.5-2.0. DO not give for HR lower than 60. Treat bradycardia with atropine and overdose with digibind
osmotic diuretic for ICP and IOP. reduces ICP and IOP by drawing fluid back into the intersititial fluid and plasma
mannitol
SE and key points of mannitol
SE: HF, pulmonary edema, renal failure, dehydration, and Na and K imbalance. Use filter needle and filter IV tubing. Monitor weight, I/O and electrolytes
loop diuretic for pulmonary edema, edema r/t HF, liver disease and kidney disease, and HTN
furosemide (Lasix)
SE of furosemide and key points
SE: dehydration, electrolyte imbalance (hyponatremia and kalemia), hypotension, ototoxicity, hyperglycemia. Encourage foods high in K
potassium sparing diuretic for HF, HTN, but contraindicated in patients with severe kidney failure
spironolactone
adrenergic agonists
epi, dopamine, dobutamine
Adrenaline for cardiac arrest, asthma. Causes bronchodilation, vasoconstriction (increased BP), and increased HR/CO
epinephrine
indications are shock, HF. Improves renal blood flow (at low or moderate doses) and increased HR/CO
dopamine
indications are HF and icnreases CO (less effect on HR or BP) adrenergic agonist
dobutamine
non selective BB for AFIB, AFlutter, paroxysmal SVT, HTN, and angina
propranolol. DO NOT USE WITH ASTHMA
SVT, ventricular tachy, aflutter, AFIB. Sodium channel blocker
procainamide and lidocaine
AFIB, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachy. Potassium channel blocker
amiodarone
SE of amiodarone
hypotension, bradycardia, pulmonary toxicity, visual disturbances, GI, liver, thyroid
Centrally acting Alpha 2 agonist for HTN. Decreases sympathetic outflow to heart and blood vessels, resulting in decreased HR, CO, and BP
clonidine
andtidysrhythmic calcium channel blocker for AFIB, AFlutter, SVT, HTN and angina
verapamil and diltiazem
who do you not give non selective BB to (propranolol, carvedilol, labetalol
asthma
vasodilator for HTN crisis. direct vasodilation of arteries and veins, rapidly decreasing BP (preload and afterload)
nitroprusside
“Sartan”
angiotensin II receptor blockers
MOA and SE of angiotension II receptor blockers
blocks action of angiotension II resulting in vasodilation. SE: angioedema, GI upset, hypotension
“Pine” and diltiazem (Cardizem)
CCB
MOA, SE, and Key points of CCB
blocks calcium channels in bood vessels and heart, leading to vasodilation and decreased HR. SE: brady, hypotension, dysrhytmias, constipation, peripheral edema. NO grapefruit juice
Beta 1 blockers
metoprolol atenolol etc
metoprolol and atenolol MOA, SE, and Key points
blocks beta 1 (heart) receptors, decrease BP and HR. Normal HTN drug SE with erectile dysfunction
“pril”
Ace
SE of “pril”
elevated potassium, cough, angioedema
“statin”
decreases LDL and increases HDL. hepatotoxicity, GI, rhabdomylysis. Evening meal (cholesterol synthesized at night) avoid ETOH
niacin
for hypercholesterolemia. Decreases lipoprotein and triglyceride synthesis. Lowers LDL and trig. Monitor liver function
antilipemic agents. Bile Acid Sequestrant
colesevelam. Binds bile acid in intestines causing excretion of cholesterol. Constipation. Increase fiber and fluids, interferes with fat soluable vitamins (ADEK) and BCP
beta blockers
decrease effects of SNS by blocking action of the catecholamines, epi and norepi, thereby decreasing HR and BP. They reduce the need for O2 consumption and consequently reduce anginal pain. Taper. No with AV heart block.
CCB
calcium activates myocardial contraction which increases workload of the heart and need for O2. CCB relax coronary artery spasm and relax peripheral arterioles decreasing cardiac O2 demand. Also decrease cardiac contractility. (negative inotrophic effect that relaxes smooth muscle), afterload, and peripheral resistance and they reduce the workload of the heart. “pine” and diltiazem (Cardizem)
low potassium does what to dig
increases serum dig sensitivity level
initial dose of nitrate can cause
headache
BB are effective as anti anginals because
they decrease HR and decrease myocardial contractility
