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Pharm Test 2 > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

treatment for heart failure and AFIB. Cardiac glycoside

A

digoxin

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2
Q

MOA and SE of digoxin

A

MOA is increased force and efficiency of heart contractions and decreased HR. SE: dysrhythmias, bradycardia, toxicity is GI upset, vision changes, fatigue and weakness

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3
Q

digoxin levels

A

0.5-2.0. DO not give for HR lower than 60. Treat bradycardia with atropine and overdose with digibind

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4
Q

osmotic diuretic for ICP and IOP. reduces ICP and IOP by drawing fluid back into the intersititial fluid and plasma

A

mannitol

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5
Q

SE and key points of mannitol

A

SE: HF, pulmonary edema, renal failure, dehydration, and Na and K imbalance. Use filter needle and filter IV tubing. Monitor weight, I/O and electrolytes

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6
Q

loop diuretic for pulmonary edema, edema r/t HF, liver disease and kidney disease, and HTN

A

furosemide (Lasix)

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7
Q

SE of furosemide and key points

A

SE: dehydration, electrolyte imbalance (hyponatremia and kalemia), hypotension, ototoxicity, hyperglycemia. Encourage foods high in K

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8
Q

potassium sparing diuretic for HF, HTN, but contraindicated in patients with severe kidney failure

A

spironolactone

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9
Q

adrenergic agonists

A

epi, dopamine, dobutamine

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10
Q

Adrenaline for cardiac arrest, asthma. Causes bronchodilation, vasoconstriction (increased BP), and increased HR/CO

A

epinephrine

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11
Q

indications are shock, HF. Improves renal blood flow (at low or moderate doses) and increased HR/CO

A

dopamine

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12
Q

indications are HF and icnreases CO (less effect on HR or BP) adrenergic agonist

A

dobutamine

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13
Q

non selective BB for AFIB, AFlutter, paroxysmal SVT, HTN, and angina

A

propranolol. DO NOT USE WITH ASTHMA

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14
Q

SVT, ventricular tachy, aflutter, AFIB. Sodium channel blocker

A

procainamide and lidocaine

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15
Q

AFIB, ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachy. Potassium channel blocker

A

amiodarone

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16
Q

SE of amiodarone

A

hypotension, bradycardia, pulmonary toxicity, visual disturbances, GI, liver, thyroid

17
Q

Centrally acting Alpha 2 agonist for HTN. Decreases sympathetic outflow to heart and blood vessels, resulting in decreased HR, CO, and BP

A

clonidine

18
Q

andtidysrhythmic calcium channel blocker for AFIB, AFlutter, SVT, HTN and angina

A

verapamil and diltiazem

19
Q

who do you not give non selective BB to (propranolol, carvedilol, labetalol

A

asthma

20
Q

vasodilator for HTN crisis. direct vasodilation of arteries and veins, rapidly decreasing BP (preload and afterload)

A

nitroprusside

21
Q

“Sartan”

A

angiotensin II receptor blockers

22
Q

MOA and SE of angiotension II receptor blockers

A

blocks action of angiotension II resulting in vasodilation. SE: angioedema, GI upset, hypotension

23
Q

“Pine” and diltiazem (Cardizem)

A

CCB

24
Q

MOA, SE, and Key points of CCB

A

blocks calcium channels in bood vessels and heart, leading to vasodilation and decreased HR. SE: brady, hypotension, dysrhytmias, constipation, peripheral edema. NO grapefruit juice

25
Q

Beta 1 blockers

A

metoprolol atenolol etc

26
Q

metoprolol and atenolol MOA, SE, and Key points

A

blocks beta 1 (heart) receptors, decrease BP and HR. Normal HTN drug SE with erectile dysfunction

27
Q

“pril”

A

Ace

28
Q

SE of “pril”

A

elevated potassium, cough, angioedema

29
Q

“statin”

A

decreases LDL and increases HDL. hepatotoxicity, GI, rhabdomylysis. Evening meal (cholesterol synthesized at night) avoid ETOH

30
Q

niacin

A

for hypercholesterolemia. Decreases lipoprotein and triglyceride synthesis. Lowers LDL and trig. Monitor liver function

31
Q

antilipemic agents. Bile Acid Sequestrant

A

colesevelam. Binds bile acid in intestines causing excretion of cholesterol. Constipation. Increase fiber and fluids, interferes with fat soluable vitamins (ADEK) and BCP

32
Q

beta blockers

A

decrease effects of SNS by blocking action of the catecholamines, epi and norepi, thereby decreasing HR and BP. They reduce the need for O2 consumption and consequently reduce anginal pain. Taper. No with AV heart block.

33
Q

CCB

A

calcium activates myocardial contraction which increases workload of the heart and need for O2. CCB relax coronary artery spasm and relax peripheral arterioles decreasing cardiac O2 demand. Also decrease cardiac contractility. (negative inotrophic effect that relaxes smooth muscle), afterload, and peripheral resistance and they reduce the workload of the heart. “pine” and diltiazem (Cardizem)

34
Q

low potassium does what to dig

A

increases serum dig sensitivity level

35
Q

initial dose of nitrate can cause

A

headache

36
Q

BB are effective as anti anginals because

A

they decrease HR and decrease myocardial contractility

Pharm Test 2 (7 decks)

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