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Pharm Test 2 > Blood and GI > Flashcards

Blood and GI Flashcards

1
Q

alteplase category

A

thrombolytic

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2
Q

indications are MI, stroke, PE and occluded central IVs. Converts plasminogen to plasmin, which breaks up fibrinogen

A

alteplase

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3
Q

alteplase should be taken within ___ of symptoms

A

3 hours

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4
Q

prevention of MI and stroke. antiplatelet. Inhibits platelet aggregation

A

aspirin. Do not give to children with fever.

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5
Q

antagonizes VK which prevents formation of several clotting factors

A

warfarin

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6
Q

monitor what with warfarin

A

PT/INR. Antidote is VK

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7
Q

IV anticoagulant

A

heparin

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8
Q

monitor what with heparin

A

aPTT

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9
Q

aPTT for heparin? Antidote

A

1.5-2 times baseline. Protamine.

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10
Q

omeprazole “zole”

A

PPI

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11
Q

inhibits an enzyme needed for gastric acid secretion

A

omeprazole. risk of osteoporosis with long term use

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12
Q

misoprostol category

A

prostaglandin

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13
Q

indications, MOA, SE of prostaglandin misoprostol

A

prevention of gastric ulcers in patients taking NSAID. Also induces labor by ripening cervix. Decreases stomach acid secretion, increases production of protective mucus and bicarb. DO NOT ADMIN TO PREGNANT WOMEN

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14
Q

mucosal protectant (pepsin inhibitor)

A

sucralfate

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15
Q

Key points for sucralfate

A

duodenal ulcers primarily. Reacts with stomach acid to form a thick paste that adheres to ulcers. SE: constipation. Take 1 hour before meals and at bedtime (4xday) and increase fluid and fiber

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16
Q

histamine 2 receptor antagonists

A

ranitidine and famotidine

17
Q

indications, MOA, SE of ranitidine and famotidine

A

duodenal and gastric ulcers, GERD. Blocks H2 receptors in stomach reducing gastric acid secretion. SE: increased risk of bacterial colonization of stomach and respiratory tract due to decrease in gastric acidity

18
Q

laxative used for hepatic encephalopathy

A

lactulose

19
Q

lactulose is used to

A

decrease ammonia levels. SE: Gi, electrolyte imbalance and hyperglycemia

20
Q

bulk forming laxative (softens stool and increases bulk)

A

psyllium

21
Q

surfactant laxative (softens stool by increasing water content)

A

docusate sodium

22
Q

simulant laxative (stimulates peristalsis)

A

bisacodyl

23
Q

osmotic laxative (draws water into intestine, promote peristalsis)

A

mag hydroxide. Monitor for Mg toxicity and dehydration

24
Q

aluminum hydroxide

A

antacid

25
Q

key points of antacid (aluminum hydroxide)

A

take 1 hr and 3 hr after meals and bedtime. Take at least 1 hr before or after other meds

26
Q

prokinetic agent. Accelerates gastric emptying. Blocks dopamine and serotonin receptors

A

metoclopramide

Pharm Test 2 (7 decks)

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