Blood and GI Flashcards
alteplase category
thrombolytic
indications are MI, stroke, PE and occluded central IVs. Converts plasminogen to plasmin, which breaks up fibrinogen
alteplase
alteplase should be taken within ___ of symptoms
3 hours
prevention of MI and stroke. antiplatelet. Inhibits platelet aggregation
aspirin. Do not give to children with fever.
antagonizes VK which prevents formation of several clotting factors
warfarin
monitor what with warfarin
PT/INR. Antidote is VK
IV anticoagulant
heparin
monitor what with heparin
aPTT
aPTT for heparin? Antidote
1.5-2 times baseline. Protamine.
omeprazole “zole”
PPI
inhibits an enzyme needed for gastric acid secretion
omeprazole. risk of osteoporosis with long term use
misoprostol category
prostaglandin
indications, MOA, SE of prostaglandin misoprostol
prevention of gastric ulcers in patients taking NSAID. Also induces labor by ripening cervix. Decreases stomach acid secretion, increases production of protective mucus and bicarb. DO NOT ADMIN TO PREGNANT WOMEN
mucosal protectant (pepsin inhibitor)
sucralfate
Key points for sucralfate
duodenal ulcers primarily. Reacts with stomach acid to form a thick paste that adheres to ulcers. SE: constipation. Take 1 hour before meals and at bedtime (4xday) and increase fluid and fiber
histamine 2 receptor antagonists
ranitidine and famotidine
indications, MOA, SE of ranitidine and famotidine
duodenal and gastric ulcers, GERD. Blocks H2 receptors in stomach reducing gastric acid secretion. SE: increased risk of bacterial colonization of stomach and respiratory tract due to decrease in gastric acidity
laxative used for hepatic encephalopathy
lactulose
lactulose is used to
decrease ammonia levels. SE: Gi, electrolyte imbalance and hyperglycemia
bulk forming laxative (softens stool and increases bulk)
psyllium
surfactant laxative (softens stool by increasing water content)
docusate sodium
simulant laxative (stimulates peristalsis)
bisacodyl
osmotic laxative (draws water into intestine, promote peristalsis)
mag hydroxide. Monitor for Mg toxicity and dehydration
aluminum hydroxide
antacid
key points of antacid (aluminum hydroxide)
take 1 hr and 3 hr after meals and bedtime. Take at least 1 hr before or after other meds
prokinetic agent. Accelerates gastric emptying. Blocks dopamine and serotonin receptors
metoclopramide
