Cardiac Flashcards
1
Q
Systole
A
- tricuspid and mitral valves close
- aortic and pulmonic artery open
- heart contracts
2
Q
Diastole
A
- tricuspid and mitral valves open
- aortic and pulmonic artery close
- heart relaxes
- greater stretch = stronger contraction
- atria pressure > ventricles
3
Q
Where is the aortic region?
A
2nd ICS RSB
4
Q
Where is the pulmonic region?
A
2nd ICS LSB
5
Q
Where is the Erb’s Point?
A
3rd ICS LSB
6
Q
Where is the tricuspid region?
A
4th ICS LSB
7
Q
Where is the mitral region?
A
5th ICS LMCL
8
Q
S1
A
- coincides with carotid artery pulse
- closer of mitral and tricuspid valve, beginning of systole
- loudest at apex
9
Q
S2
A
- closure of aortic and pulmonic valves
- beginning of diastole
- loudest at base
10
Q
Split S2
A
- end of inspiration, separating timing of two valves
- aortic valve closes before pulmonic valve
- pathological occurs every 4th beat, pulmonic valve, 2nd LCS
11
Q
S3
A
- loudest at apex, low pitched
- ventricles resistant to filling during early rapid filling (protodiastole), creating vibrations
- pathological occurs with heart failure, volume overload, mitral regurgitation, high cardiac output
- physiological occurs normally in children and young adults, disappears when person sits up
12
Q
S4
A
- end of diastole into noncompliant ventricles
- heard best with bell in apex
- pathological occurs with atrial gallop, coronary heart disease, outflow obstruction, systemic hypertension
- soft and low pitch
13
Q
Murmur
A
- leaky valves, heard best with bell
- gentle, blowing, swoosh sounds
- occur with high velocity of blood, low viscosity of blood
- grade I-IV (soft to loud)
14
Q
CHF
A
- backed up with congestion
- kidneys compensate for low CO by keeping Na and H2O
15
Q
CPC (Angina)
A
- blood cannot keep up with metabolic demand (hypoxia, anoxia)
- diaphoresis, dyspnea, tachycardia, fatigue
16
Q
Carotid Artery Pulsation
A
- one wave per cycle
- respiration does not vary
- palpable
- no change in pressure
- does not affect position of patient
17
Q
Jugular Vein Pulsation
A
- 2 visible waves per cycle
- Varies with respiration
- Not palpable
- Level if pulse drops or disappear as person is brought to sitting position
18
Q
Bruit
A
- blowing, swishing sound indicating turbulence and marker for artherosclerotic disease
19
Q
Heave or Lift
A
- forceful thrusting of ventricles during systole
- occurs with ventricular hypertrophy due to increased workload
20
Q
Cardiac Output
A
SV*R
21
Q
P Wave
A
- depolarizing atria
22
Q
QRS Complex
A
- depolarizing ventricles
23
Q
T Wave
A
- repolarizing ventricles (diastole)
