Abnormalities Flashcards
Candidiasis
White, cheesy, curd like patch in the buccal mucosa and tongue. It scrapes off leaving a raw, red surface that bleeds easily (thrush in newborns)
Leukoplakia
Chalky, white, thick raised patch with well defined edges. Lesions are firmly attached and for not scrape off. It may occur with lateral edges of tongue.
Fordyce’s granules
Small, isolated white or yellow papules on the mucosa of tongue, cheek, lips. Sebaceous cysts are painless, not significant
Leukoedema
Benign, milk, blue white, opaque appearance on the buccal mucosa occurring commonly in African Americans
Raynaud’s Phenomenon
Abrupt, progressive tricolor changes in the fingers in response to cold, vibration, stress. White = arteriospasm; Blue = O2 extraction of hemoglobin; Red = reactive hyperemia
Lymphedema
High protein swelling, high local colloid oncotic pressure, high fluid leak. Symptoms: tired, thick, heavy arms, swelling and tingling, unilateral swelling, non pitting brawny edema with overlying skin durated
DVT
Blocked venous system, cyanosis, and edema. Sudden deep, sharp pain. Symptoms: Warmth, swelling, tender caused by bed rest or immobility
Varicose Veins
Leg veins dilated due to chronic increased venous pressure and incompetent valves that create reflux of blood. Color ranges from red to blue to purple. Symptoms: Aching, heavy calf, fatigues, restless legs, burning, throbbing
Aneurysm
Sac formed by dilation in the artery wall caused by weakened arterial wall
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the membrane lining the abdominal wall and covering abdominal organs
Scaphoid
Abdomen caves in and forms a “U” shape between ribcage and pelvis
Striae
Silver, white, linear, jagged marks occurs when elastic fibers are broken down after rapid or prolonged stretching
Hernia
Protrusion of abdominal viscera
Otitis Externa
Red, swollen canal, painful pinnal tragus, scanty, purulent discharge (swimmer’s ear)
