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cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

left side of the heart associated with what?

A

the arteries

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2
Q

right side the heart is associated with what?

A

the veins

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3
Q

flow of blood through the heart

A

blood comes through inferior and superior vena cava to RIGHT atrium- tricuspid valve- RIGHT ventricle- pulmonic valve- pulmonary artery- none 02 blood exchanged for 02 blood-pulmonary veins- LEFT atrium- mitral valve- LEFT ventricle- aortic valve- Aorta- distributed through out body

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4
Q

PMI

A

point of maximum impulse (the apex beat)

located 7cm-9cm left lateral to midsternal line

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5
Q

S1

A

closure of AV valves (mitral and tricuspid) heard during systole LUB-dub. occurs when ventricular pressure builds to the point of forcing AV valves closed and forcing open semilunar valves

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6
Q

S2

A

closure of semi-lunar valves (pulmonary and aortic) heard during end of systole lub-DUB. occurs after ventricular ejection of blood dropping pressure in ventricles forcing semi-lunar valves to close

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7
Q

preload

A

blood building up in ventricles

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8
Q

afterload

A

blood being ejected from ventricles

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9
Q

SA node

A

in right atrium 60-100bpm

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10
Q

AV node

A

in atrium in septum 40-60bpm

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11
Q

bundle of his

A

found in end of septum wrapping around both ventricles; forming the left bundle branch and right bundle branch and purkinje fibers

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12
Q

P in (P-QRS-T)

A

when the atrium depolarizes, blood flowing from atria to ventricles

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13
Q

QRS in (P-QRS-T)

A

ventricular depolarization; ventricle reaching maximum pressure forcing open semilunar valves and ejecting blood.

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14
Q

T in (P-QRS-T)

A

repolarization of ventricles,

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15
Q

ausculatory area: Aortic

A

right sternal border second intercostal space s2 louder than s1

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16
Q

ausculatory area: Pulmonic

A

left sternal border second intercostal space; s2 louder than s1

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17
Q

ausculatory area: Erb’s point

A

left sternal border 3rd intercostal space; s2 louder than s1

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18
Q

ausculatory area: Tricuspid

A

left midsternal 4th intercostal space; s1 louder than s2

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19
Q

ausculatory area: Mitral

A

left 4th-5th interspace midclavicular line

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20
Q

s3

A

ken-tuc-KEY happens right after filling of ventricles. (after s2) results from changes in blood flow in diastole, when rapid filling ends and slow filling begins

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21
Q

s4

A

TEN-nes-see happens right before atrias are ready to contract again (before s1) occurs late in diastolic filling due to atrial contraction

22
Q

Systolic murmurs

A 
After s1 before s2
Aortic stenosis
pulmonic stenosis
Mitral valve prolapse
Mitral regurgitation
Tricuspid regurgitation
cardiomyopathies
Innocent
23
Q

Diastolic murmurs

A 
(worse outcomes) after s2 before s1 
Aortic regurgitation
Pulmonic regurgitation
Mitral stenosis
Tricuspid stenosis
24
Q

Aortic stenosis;

Timing, location, intensity, pitch, radiation, quailty

A

timing: systolic
location: right 2nd interspace
intensity: soft or loud with thrill
pitch: medium, higher at apex
radiation: carotids
quality: harsh

25
Q

MVP;

Timing, location, intensity, pitch, radiation, quailty

A

timing: late systolic
location: apex
intensity: midsystolic click
pitch: medium
radiation: none
quality: honking

26
Q

Mitral regurgitation;

Timing, location, intensity, pitch, radiation, quailty

A

timing: systolic
location: apex
intensity: soft to loud
pitch: medium to high
quality: harsh
radiation: to left axilla

27
Q

cardiomyopathies; Timing, location, intensity, pitch, radiation, quailty

A

timing: systolic
location: 3rd to 4th interspace
intensity: variable
pitch: medium
quality: harsh
radiation: down left sternal border to apex, maybe to base

28
Q

innocent murmer; Timing, location, intensity, pitch, radiation, quailty

A

timing: systolic
location: 2nd-4th interspace
intensity: grade 1,2,3
pitch: soft to medium
quality: variable
radiation: little, usually disappears when sitting

29
Q

aortic regurgitation; Timing, location, intensity, pitch, radiation, quailty

A

timing: diastolic
location: 2nd-4th interspace
intensity: grade 1-3
pitch: high
quality: blowing decrescendo
radiation: if loud to apex or right sternal border
* have pt hold breath after exhaling while leaning forward

30
Q

mitral stenosis; Timing, location, intensity, pitch, radiation, quailty

A

timing: diastolic
location: apex
intensity: grade 1-4
pitch: low pitched
radiation: none
quality: rumble
* turn to left lateral

31
Q

grading murmurs

A

I-very little sound
II-quiet but heard
III-moderate sound as loud as s1 or s2
IV-loud with palpable thrill
V-very loud with thrill, may hear with stethoscope partially off chest
VI-very loud with thrill heard with stethoscope off chest wall

32
Q

unstable angina

A

chest pain with little to no activity

33
Q

stable angina

A

chest pain with activity or physical exertion

34
Q

variant angina

A

coronary artery spasm leading to chest pain. can be due to physical stress or cold

35
Q

atypical angina

A

chest pain that present as vague chest discomfort

36
Q

major bacteria that cause valve disease

A

streptococcus

37
Q

cardiac history to get from pt

A 
past cardiac event
cardiac risk factors
medications
family hx
review of systoms
38
Q

physical exam for cardiac complaints

A

General appearance; A+Ox3, levines sign, tripod, facial grimicing, color, edema
Inspection, Palpation; pulses, PMI, ribs
Ausculatory exam- 3 positions 30 degrees, sitting, leaning forward
JVD

39
Q

modifiable risk factors for cardiac pt

A

HTN, smoking, hyperlipidemia, sedentary lifestyle, weight control, diet, diabetes, estrogen/OC’s, Type A personality

40
Q

non modifiable risk factors

A

genetics, age, race

41
Q

symptoms of heart disease

A 
SOB
palpitations
syncope
edema
claudication
chest pain
cyanosis
varacies
fatigue
42
Q

functional cardiac assessment

A

Class I - no incapacity
Class 2- slight limitation
Class 3- slight exertional incapacity
Class 4-incapacity at rest

43
Q

peripheral vascular assessment

A 
check blood pressure
pulse pressure
carotid pulse
JVP 
Hepatojugular reflux
Abdominal Aorta
Edema 
lymphnodes
pulses and grading them
44
Q

Dopplers

A

quality of blood flow in arteries and veins

45
Q

ABI

A

ankle brachial index; measure the blood flow between brachial and ankle. higher the number the better, lower number is more disease. >/=1 normal

46
Q

Cardiomyopathy types

A

hypertrophic, dilated, restrictive

47
Q

pediatric cardiac assessment

A 
have they gained weight
cyanotic spells
dyspnea
exercise intolerance
heart murmur
chest pain
joint pain
neurological symptoms
medications
 frequent respiratory infections
family HX: hereditary disease, cogential, rheumatic fever, sudden death
48
Q

peripheral pulse in child

A

brachial or femoral not carotid

49
Q

womens symptoms of heart disease

A

upper back pain, neck or jaw pain, SOB, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, N/V, fatigue

50
Q

leading cause of death of american

A

heart disease

51
Q

leading cause of CHF

A

HTN

advanced health assessment (13 decks)

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