Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pe > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

1
Q

What’s the definition of the cardiac cycle?

A

The events that make up one beat of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How long does the heart take to beat at rest? And what are the two main stages of it beating?

A

0.8 seconds. Diastole chambers filing with blood (0.5) systole chambers are contracting (0.3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is stage 1 and stage 2 and what happens?

A

Atrial diastole and ventricular diastole. Relax and refill of both atria and ventricles ( blood goes in )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is stage 3 and 4 and what happens?

A

Atrial systole and ventricular systole. Contract of both atria and ventricles ( blood goes out )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two valves of the heart and what are they collectively known as?

A

Tricuspid (3 flaps)
Bicuspid (2 flaps)
Atrioventricular valves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What’s the role of the SA node?

A

pacemaker.
Encharge if contracting both atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the role of the AV node?

A

Receives electrical impulse from SA node.
Sits between atria and ventricles
Delays impulse
Causes atria to fully contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What’s the role of the bundle of his?

A

A group of specialised fibres located in the septum that separates the two ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Main aspects of the heart conduction system?

A

The heart is myogenic, meaning it creates its own impulse
The impulse it generates spread throughout the heart causing it to contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Main aspects of chemoreceptors. What do they do?

A

Detect chemical changes within the blood:
Rise in CO2
Rise in lactic acid
Decrease in lactic acid
Found in the carotid and aortic arch
Nervous impulses are sent to the ccc in medulla oblongata
Increase in sympathetic nervous stimulation to the SA node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Main aspects of baroreceptors. What is their function?

A

Detects changes in blood pressure
Contain nerve endings that respond to the stretch of arterial walls (carotid and aortic arch) caused by changes in blood pressure.
Increase in arterial pressure results in a stretch of baroreceptors causing the heart to decrease.
Decrease in arterial pressure results in decrease of receptors and a rise in heart rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Main aspects of proprioceptors. What are their role?

A

Detects muscle movement.
Sensory nerve endings located in muscles tendons joints that provide info regarding movement and body positions.
Info sent to ccc in medulla oblongata- sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system to increase/decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Main aspects of medulla oblongata/CCC.

A

CCC receives info from receptors
Found in medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are two nerves that originate in the CCC?

A

Parasympathetic nerve - slows heart rate down
Sympathetic nerve - speeds heart rate up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is heart rate?

A

The amount of times your heart beats per minute
At rest average is - 72 bpm
Pulse is a way to measure your heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you work out maximum heart rate?

A

220-age
Rate at which heart is beating when it’s working it’s hardest to meet your body’s o2 needs - max heart rate.

17
Q

What is the definition bradycardia?

A

Resting heart rate lower than 60bpm

18
Q

Definition of cardiac hypertrophy?

A

Enlargement of left ventricle as a result of endurance training

19
Q

Definition of stroke volume?

A

Amount of blood ejected from left ventricle with each beat.
During exercise it can double (intensity dependant)

20
Q

What is starlings law of the heart?

A

If venous return increases stroke volume increases too.
More blood in = more blood out.
Ventricle walls are elastic the more they’re forced to stretch the greater the force of contraction.

21
Q

Definition of venous return?

A

Blood returning to the heart through the veins

22
Q

Definition of ejection fraction?

A

% of blood pumped out by the heart
Can go from 60%-85% during exercise

23
Q

Definition of cardiac output?

A

Amount of blood ejected from heart in 1 minute
Q=HRxSV
At rest it is 5L

24
Q

What happens as a result of starlings law of the heart?

A

Stroke volume and ejection fraction increases.
As venous return increases there is greater diastolic filling

25
Q

Main aspects of venous return?

A

Return of blood to right hand side of heart to the vena cava/right atrium.
During exercise more blood returning to the heart increases, more blood is therefore pumped out
70% of blood in arteries at rest

26
Q

What is the skeletal pump?

A

Muscles contract and press on veins squeezing blood back to the heart

27
Q

What are pocket valves?

A

Ensure blood flows in 1 direction and prevent back flow of blood

28
Q

Definition of respiratory pump?

A

Breathing deeply - pressure changes between between thorax and abdomin

29
Q

Describe the process of cardiovascular drift

A

Exercise in warm in environment
Leads to sweating
Sweating reduces plasma in blood
Makes blood more viscous
Less blood returning to the heart
Causes heart to work harder and sv will decrease
Heart rate will increase to compensate and maintain cardiac output to cool body down

Pe (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions