Cardiac Flashcards
What is the formula for blood pressure?
Heart rate x stroke volume x peripheral vascular resistance
Hypertension
defect of vascular dysfunction leading to select target organ damage
treatment = minimization of target organ damage
Name lifestyle recommendations by the ACC/ AHA guidelines for hypertension / dyslipidemia
decrease body mass index BMI 18-25 maintained DASH eating decrease sodium aerobic physical activity moderation of alcohol consumption
Choice antihypertensive in african americans
Calcium channel blockers
Thiazide diuretics
Thiazide diuretic
calcium sparing diuretic decreases peripheral vascular resistance shown to decrease fractures in women on long term use less effective if GFR <30 works well in African americans first line in htn
ACE inhibitors
Decrease peripheral vascular resistance potassium sparing antihypertensive hyperkalemia risk induced cough in some pts angioedema risk in some pts NOT TO BE USED IN PREGNANCY
Calcium channel blockers
decrease peripheral vascular resistance
side effect of ankle edema especially in amlodipine and DHP
use with caution in patients with heart failure
Beta adrenergic antagonists or Beta blockers
Decreased HR and stroke volume
cardioselective
usually acceptable in COPD + asthma but AVOID propranolol, nadolol
small clinical effect found in many populations therefore not usually choice medication
Aldosterone antagonist
spironolactone decrease peripheral vascular resistance gynecomastia risk Hyperkalemia risk not first line 2/2 adverse effect profile
What is the 2017 ACC/ AHA HTN guidelines recommendation for blood pressure?
<120 systolic
<80 diastolic
Stage 1 = 130-139/80-90
Stage 2= >140 / >90
What heart failure has a reduced ejection fraction?
systolic
What heart failure has a preserved ejection fraction ? HFpEF
diastolic
Clinical exam may have what when assessing a patient for potential Heart failure?
tachycardia dependent edema pulmonary crackles displaced apex beat - cardiomyopathy / LVH s3 heart sound increased JVP
