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01 CCRN Exam > Cardiac 02: Hemodynamic Definitions and Equations > Flashcards

Cardiac 02: Hemodynamic Definitions and Equations Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiac Output=

A

HR X Stroke Volume

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2
Q

Stroke Volume is affected by what 3 characteristics?

A
  1. Preload
  2. Afterload
  3. Contractility
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3
Q

What is the preload?

A

Total volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole

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4
Q

!!! RV measured by CVP, what are the normal values?

A

CVP 2-6 mmHg

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5
Q

!!! LV is measured by PAOP, what are normal values?

A

Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure 4-12 mmHg

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6
Q

What is the Afterload?

A

The pressure/resistance the LV must contract against or overcome to eject blood/create systole

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7
Q

What is the preload affected by?(2)

A
  1. Total Blood Volume
  2. Venous Tone
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8
Q

What is afterload affected by? (2)

A
  1. Arterial Tone
  2. Arterial Constriction/Dilation
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9
Q

!!SVR Equation!!
System Vascular Resistance

A

SVR= ((MAP-RAP)x80)/CO

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10
Q

SVR normal values

A

900-1400 dynes/sec/cm^(-5)

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11
Q

4 factors that could contribute to decreased preload

A
  1. Hypovolemia
  2. Arrhythmia
  3. Loss of Atrial Kick
  4. Venous Vasodilation
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12
Q

What causes an increase in preload?

A
  1. LV/ RV dysfunction
  2. Increased Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
  3. Volume overload
  4. Cardiac Tamponade/Effusion
  5. Decreased compliance of any kind
  6. MV, AV Disease
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13
Q

What can cause a decrease in afterload?

A

Anything that may cause vasodilation i.e sepsis, or vasodilator therapies

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14
Q

What may cause an increase in afterload?

A

R heart: pulmonary HTN, hypoxemia, pulmonic stenosis
L heart: vasopressors, vasoconstriction, hypothermia, aortic stenosis

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15
Q

What could cause decreased contractility? (5)

A
  1. Parasympathetic Stimulation
  2. Negative Intropic Therapies
  3. Beta BLockers
  4. Calcium Channel Blockers
  5. Metabolic States: hyperkalemia, MI, acidosis
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16
Q

What could cause increased contractility? (3)

A
  1. Sympathetic Stimulation
  2. Inotropic Therapies
  3. Metabolic State: hypercalcemia
17
Q

List 4 Inotropic medications that could increase contractility

A
  1. Epinephrine
  2. Dopamine
  3. Digoxin
  4. Calcium
18
Q

What metabolic state could increased contractility in the heart? (1)

A

Hypercalcemia

19
Q

!!! Pulmonary Artery values

A

15-25/8-15 mmHg

20
Q

!!! Equation for MAP=

A

(sBP + (2 x dBP))/3

21
Q

Normal Range of MAP

A

60-80 mmHg

22
Q

CVP can evaluate the preload on what side of the heart?

A

On the RIght side

23
Q

Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure is able to measure the preload on what side of the heart?

A

On the Left side of the heart.

It’s between the R atrium and R ventricle but before the L atrium and L ventricle.

24
Q

What part of the cardiopulmonary system would the after load in the R ventricle be related to?

A

It would be relative to the constriction/dilation of the pulmonary vessels, pulmonary artery capillaries and pulmonary vein.

Measured by calculating PVR in the right ventricle

25
Q

What part of the body is the after load on the left ventricle related to?

A

It starts at the aorta, go to our toes and back up to the right atrium.

Measure by calculating SVR

26
Q

Pulmonary Vascular Resistance equation

A

Measured in the R ventricle.
PVR= ((MPAP - PAOP) * 80 )/CO

MPAP= Mean pulmonary arterial pressure

27
Q

Draw what a CVP waveform look like

A

Two notched bump followed by one bump

28
Q

Draw what a PA waveform look like

A

Almost like an A line waveform

29
Q

Draw what a PAOP waveform look like

A

Side ways W squiggle

30
Q

What does the PAd and PAOP look like in pulmonary hypertension?

A

Elevated PAd (5-15 normal)
Normal PAOP (8-12 normal)

31
Q

What does the PAd and PAOP look like in L ventricular failure?

A

Elevated PAd (5-15 normal)
Elevated PAOP (8-12 normal)
The difference is 5 mmHg or less

32
Q

PAd and PAOP in cardiac tamponade?

A

Both would elevated and equalize

33
Q

What parameter is the best indicator of intravascular volume? PAOP, CVP, PAP

A

PAOP

01 CCRN Exam (17 decks)

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