CARBS

Question 1

What are carbs made of?

Answer 1

• Carbon
• Oxygen
• Hydrogen

Question 2

Where are they found?

Answer 2

• Pasta
• Rice
• Potatoes
• Couscous
• Bread

Question 3

What are sugars?

Answer 3

Divided into
• Monosaccharides
• Disaccharides
•Polysaccharides

Question 4

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 4

• Simple sugars
• glucose
• fructose
• galactose

Question 5

What is glucose?

Answer 5

• fruit & plant juices
• blood of living animals
• carbs are converted to glucose in digestion

Question 6

What is fructose?

Answer 6

• fruit - vegetables & honey

* sweetest sugar so don’t need much

Question 7

What is galactose?

Answer 7

• glucose & galactose = lactose

* present in milk

Question 8

What are disaccharides?

Answer 8

= Two monosaccharides joined together meaning one molecule of water is lost
• Sucrose
• Lactose
• Maltose

Question 9

What is sucrose?

Answer 9

= Glucose & Fructose
• cane & sugar beet
• fruit & veg
• all sugar (white or brown)

Question 10

What is lactose?

Answer 10

= Glucose & Galactose
• found in milk
• less sweet than sucrose & galactose

Question 11

What is Maltose?

Answer 11

= glucose & glucose

• forms when variants is germinates for Malt liquors & beer

Question 12

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 12

= many monosaccharides joined together - known as complex carbohydrates
• Starch
• Glycogen

Question 13

What is Starch?

Answer 13

= made of lots of glucose
• main food reserve in plants
• Starch granules have unique shapes & sizes relative to the plant they come from

Question 14

What is glycogen?

Answer 14

= made form many molecules of glucose from animals
• similar to Starch
• small amounts are stored in the liver & muscles for energy reserve

Question 15

Deficiency of carbs =

Answer 15

• loose weight

Question 16

Excess of carbs =

Answer 16

• tooth decay

* weight gain

Question 17

What are intrinsic sugars?

Answer 17

Form part of the cells in fruit & veg

Question 18

What are Non- intrinsic sugars?

Answer 18

• Not located in the cellular structure

* Are divided into - milk sugars & non milk extrinsic sugars (honey, fruit juice)

Question 19

What is Non- Starch polysaccharide?

Answer 19

= DIETARY FIBRE 
• Polysaccharide found in cell walls off
- fruit 
- veg
- pulses 
- cereal grains 
• not digestible 
• helps reduce weight
• contains few calories 
• gives a feeling of fullness 
• normal bowel function 
• gold for diabetics as it slows down release of glucose into blood stream

Question 20

What is cellulose?

Answer 20

NSP
• made of thousands of glucose molecules
• main structural carb of plants
• found in foods with veg origin
• ADDS BULK TO FAECES BECAUSE ITS WATER BINDING CAPACITY ASSISTS THE WASTE PASSAGE

Question 21

What is Pectin?

Answer 21

NSP
• In apples/soft fruits/root veg
• important in jam setting
• not fibrous but may help reduced cholesterol in blood

Question 22

What is Beta glucose?

Answer 22

NSP
• in brown barley, oats, wheat
• may help reduce blood cholesterol

Question 23

Sources of NSP?

Answer 23

• wholemeals
• oats
• barley
• cereal grains
• fruit
• veg

Question 24

Symptoms of deficiency?

Answer 24

• low stool weight
• constipation
• increased risk of bowel cancer