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2023-2024 > Carboxylic Acids Derivatives - Chp 21 > Flashcards

Carboxylic Acids Derivatives - Chp 21 Flashcards

1
Q

How to name acyl halides?

A

Replacing -ane with -yl
ex. ethanoyl fluoride

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2
Q

How to name anhydrides?

A

add “anhydride” to the end
ex. C4H6O3 is acetic anhydride

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3
Q

Esters are named as alkyl carboxylates. How do you name them?

A

Add -oate
ex. phenyl benzoate

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4
Q

Cyclic esters are called _______ and named by adding ________.

A

lactones; acid lactone
ex. 5-hydroxypentanoic acid lactone

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5
Q

How to name amides?

A

Replace -ic or -oic with -amide.
ex. N-ethylethanamide

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6
Q

Cyclic amides are called _____. How to name them?

A

Lactams; Add “acid lactam”
ex. 4-aminobutanoic acid lactam

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7
Q

How to name nitriles?

A

Add -nitrile to the alkane name.
ex. ethanenitrile

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8
Q

What determines the parent name of a compound?

A

The functional group with the highest priority.

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9
Q

List the order to priority for the given groups:
Acid
Nitrile
Amide
Aldehyde
Ketone
Alkene
Alkane
Amine
alcohol
Ester
ether
carboxylic acid

A

carboxylic acid > ester > amide > nitrile > aldehyde > ketone > alcohol > amine > alkene, alkyne > ether

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10
Q

You add ___ for carboxylic acids, ____ for esters, ____ for aldehydes, ___ for ketones, ___ for alcohols, ______ for amides and ______ for nitriles.

A

-oic acid; -oate; -al; -one; -ol; -amide; -nitrile

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11
Q

Do amides have very high b.ps & m.ps compared to other compounds of similar weight?
Melting points _______ with increasing # of _____ bonds.

A

Yes; increase; N-H

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12
Q

List the order of reactivity from most to least with the following functional groups: ester, carboxylate, amide, anhydride, acid chloride

A

Acid chloride, anhydride, ester, amide, carboxylate

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13
Q

List the order of increasing basicity with the following leaving groups: OR, NH2, Cl, COOR,

A

Cl, COOR, OR, NH2

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14
Q

Will a reaction occur if the product is more reactive than the reactants?

A

No.

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15
Q

Carboxylic acid –> acid chloride

A

SOCl2 or COCl2

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16
Q

Anhydride means without water. So removing 1 mole. of water from 2 mole.s of carboxylic acids forms _______.

A

an anhydride

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17
Q

An acid chloride + an acid forms ___________. What attacks what?

A

an anhydride; OH from acid attacks the carbonyl on acid chloride.

18
Q

Acid + alcohol forms ______. What attacks what?

A

ester; Alcohol attacks carbonyl.

19
Q

Anhydride + alcohol forms _______. What attacks what?

A

ester and acid (COOH); Alcohol attacks carbonyl of anhydride

20
Q

Acid chloride + _________ forms an amide.

A

2 amines (NHR2)

21
Q

Anhydride + amine forms ______.

A

amide

22
Q

Ester + ______ forms amide.

A

primary amine or NH3

23
Q

Nitrile + H2O (or H+ or -OH) forms ______, then + H2O and H+ forms ______.

A

Primary amide; carboxylic acid

24
Q

Carboxylic acid + NH3 and heat forms _____, then + POCl3 forms _______.

A

primary amide; nitrile

25
Q

Acid chloride + H2O forms _______.

A

carboxylic acid

26
Q

Amide + H3O forms _____. (Acid hydrolysis)

A

an acid

27
Q

Ester + LiAlH4 forms ________, then + H3O+ forms ________.

A

a primary alkoxide; primary alcohol

28
Q

Acyl chlorides + LiAlH(O-t-Bu)3 forms _______.

A

an aldehyde

29
Q

Ester reacting with 1) DIBAL [(i-Bu)2AlH] 2) H2O forms _______.

A

an aldehyde

30
Q

What reduces an amides to an amine? (Primary, secondar and tertiary) What attacks what?

A

1) LiAlH4 2) H2O (Same for all three); H from AlH4 attacks carbonyl

31
Q

Nitrile to primary amine needs what reagent?

A

H2/Pt or 1) LiAlH4 2) H2O

32
Q

Ester + 2C4H9Li and H3O+ forms _______.

A

secondary alcohol

33
Q

Acid chloride + 2Grignard and H3O+ forms _______.

A

a tertiary alcohol

34
Q

Ester + Grignard reagent forms _______, then + Grignard reagent forms ______.

A

a ketone; an alcohol

35
Q

Nitrile + Grignard and H3O+ forms _______.

A

a ketone

36
Q

List in increasing order for boiling point for the following groups: ester, amide, alkane, nitrile, acid and alcohol

A

alkane, ester, nitrile, alcohol, acid, amide

37
Q

Acid chloride + amine (NH2) forms ______.

A

an amide

38
Q

Acid chloride + an alcohol forms ______.

A

an ester

39
Q

Amide + 1) LiAlH4 2) H2O forms ______.

A

an amine (takes out the carbonyl C=O)

40
Q

Ester + NaOH (saponification) forms _______.

A

carboxylate and an alcohol

41
Q

Nitrile + NaOH (or -OH) and H2O forms _________, twice (again) forms ______.

A

a primary amide; carboxylate ion and NH3

42
Q

Ester + 2 R’‘MgX and H2O forms ____________.

A

A tertiary alcohol.

2023-2024 (18 decks)

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