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Chemistry > Carboxylic acids and esters > Flashcards

Carboxylic acids and esters Flashcards

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1
Q

how to make an ester

A

alcohol and carboxylic acid

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2
Q

esterfication

A

reversible reaction
H2SO4 catalyst
water is always the product

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3
Q

hydrolysis definition

A

breaking of a bond via water
equilibrium reactions

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4
Q

acid catalysed hydrolysis

A

H+ catalyst
hard to get a high yield of the carb acid and alcohol

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5
Q

base catalysed hydrolysis

A

warm aqueous NaOH
carb acid forms then turns into a salt
increases yield except if carb aid is the desired product

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6
Q

IUPAC name for glycerol

A

propane-1,2,3-triol

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7
Q

Tri-ester acid hydrolysis

A

tri-ester –> carb acid + glycerol
reflux
conc acid catalyst

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8
Q

Tri-ester base hydrolysis

A

tri-ester –> carb acid salts + glycerol
reflux
3 NaOH

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9
Q

purpose of biodiesel

A

solvents for many reactions
plasticisers
perfumes
flavouring

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10
Q

Fatty acid salts dissociate in water equation

A

RCOONa –> RCOO- + Na+

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11
Q

Formation of biodiesel

A

Fatty acid + 3 methanol –> biodiesel + glycerol

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12
Q

acid anhydrides

A

draw ethanoic anhydride
draw ethanoic propanoic anhydride

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13
Q

acyl chloride + water forms??

A

carboxylic acid

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14
Q

acyl chloride + alcohol forms??

A

ester

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15
Q

acyl chloride + ammonia forms??

A

amide

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16
Q

acyl chloride + amine forms??

A

N-substituted Amide

17
Q

name of acylation reaction mechanism

A

nucleophilic addition-elimination

18
Q

addition elimination with water mechanism

A

draw out mechanism with ethanoyl chloride
carboxylic acid product
HCl formed

19
Q

addition elimination with alcohol mechanism

A

draw out mechanism with ethanoyl chloride and propan-1-ol
ester product
HCl formed

20
Q

addition elimination with ammonia

A

draw out mechanism with propanoyl chloride and ammonia
amide is main product
HCl formed but reacts with the excess ammonia to form ammonium chloride

21
Q

addition elimination with amine

A

draw out mechanism with propanoyl chloride and ethylamine
n-substituted amide is the main product
HCL is formed but because an amine is also present it reacts to form ammonium chloride

22
Q

industrial uses of acid anhydrides rather then acyl chlorides

A

-less corrosive
-less volatile
-less expensive

Chemistry (15 decks)

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