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Chemistry > Acids and bases > Flashcards

Acids and bases Flashcards

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1
Q

what is an acid

A

proton donor

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2
Q

what is a base

A

proton acceptor

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3
Q

what is a strong acid

A

an acid which fully dissociates

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4
Q

what is a weak acid

A

an acid which only partially dissociates

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5
Q

equation for pH

A

pH= -Log10 [H+]

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6
Q

ionic product of water equation

A

kw=[H+][OH-]

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7
Q

equation for the pH of a strong acid

A

pH= -Log10 [H+]

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8
Q

equation for a weak acid

A

square root (Ka x conc)

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9
Q

acid + metal products

A

salt + hydrogen

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10
Q

acid and metal oxide products

A

salt + water

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11
Q

acid + metal hydroxide products

A

salt + water

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12
Q

acid + metal carbonate products

A

salt + CO2 + water

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13
Q

types of strong acids

A

HCl
H2SO4
HNO3
H3PO4

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14
Q

types of weak acids

A

methanoic acids
ethanoic acids
propanoic acid

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15
Q

what is a Buffer

A

is a solution which can resist changes in pH when a small amount of acid or base is added

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16
Q

types of strong bases

A

NaOH
KOH
Ca(OH)2

17
Q

types of weak bases

A

NH3
phenylamine

18
Q

Steps of acid base titrations without pH probe

A
  1. Fill a burette with the acid of a know concentration
  2. Accurately measure out 25cm3 of the alkali standard solution using a pipette and transfer to a conical flask
  3. Add a few drops of a suitable indicator to the alkali
  4. Slowly add the acid from the burette into the conical flask, swirling constantly. As soon as the indicator changes colour the solution has turned neutral so stop adding the acid
  5. Record the volume of acid which has been added.
  6. Repeat the process until you get two results which are within 0.1cm3 of each other. The mean of these two results are then used to calculate an average titre.
19
Q

steps of acid base titrations with a pH probe

A
  1. Measure the pH of the acid solution and record
  2. Add 1cm3 of the base solution
  3. Stir the mixture
  4. Measure the pH and record
  5. repeat the process until the base is in excess
  6. Add base in smaller increments near the end point

Chemistry (15 decks)

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