Aldehydes and Ketones

Question 1

reduction of aldehyde and ketones into?
mechanism name
reagent name
nucleophile name
condition

Answer 1

1 alcohol
2 alcohol
nucleophilic addition
NaBH4
:H-
acidic solvent needed

Question 2

what is the name of the mechanism for the reduction of aldehydes and ketones

Answer 2

nucleophilic addition

Question 3

name of the reagent for the reduction of aldehydes and ketones

Answer 3

NaBH4

Question 4

name the nucleophile for the reduction of aldehydes and ketones

Answer 4

:H-

Question 5

mechanism of reduction of aldehydes
eg. propanal to propan-1-ol

Answer 5

-curly arrow from lone pair of H- attacking C with O on it
-double bond of O goes back into the O
-curly arrow from O lone pair attacks H+ ion

Question 6

the mechanism name for the addition of hydrogen cyanide to aldehyde and ketones

Answer 6

nucleophilic addition

Question 7

the reagent needed for the addition of hydrogen cyanide to aldehyde and ketones

Answer 7

KCN then HCl

Question 8

the nucleophile for the addition of hydrogen cyanide to aldehyde and ketones

Answer 8

-:CN

Question 9

the conditions needed for the addition of hydrogen cyanide to aldehyde and ketones

Answer 9

acidic solvent needed

Question 10

name of the product for the addition of hydrogen cyanide to aldehyde and ketones

Answer 10

hydroxynitrile

Question 11

the mechanism for the reaction of an aldehyde with KCN
eg. propanal with KCN

Answer 11

-curly arrow from lone pair on C-N attacks the C with the O
-curly arrow from O double bond goes back to the O
-curly arrow from lone pair on O:- to H+ ion

Question 12

why can a nucleophilic addition to aldehyde and asymmetrical ketones result in a racemic mixture of optical isomers

Answer 12

-the bonding about a H2CO group in an aldehyde and a ketone
-50:50 chance of nucleophile attacking from each side
-this results in equal proportions of each optical isomer forming and so a racemic mixture is formed
-racemic is not optically active
-rotation of polarised light cancels out