Carboxylic Acids and Acid Derivatives

Question 1

Redox reaction with metal to form carboxylate salt

Answer 1

Na/Mg (s)

Question 2

Neutralisation to form carboxylate salt

Answer 2

K/NaOH (aq)

Na2CO3 (aq) - effervescence observed

Question 3

Condensation to form ester

Answer 3

Alcohol (ROH), con H2SO4 catalyst, heat under reflux

Question 4

Substitution to form acyl chloride

Answer 4

PCl5 (s) or PCl3, heat

Former will give white fumes of HCl

Question 5

Hydrolysis of acyl chlorides

Answer 5

Water - forms carboxylic acid

Question 6

Condensation of acyl chlorides to form ester

Answer 6

ROH

Phenol/Sodium phenoxide

Question 7

Condensation of acyl chlorides to form primary amides

Answer 7

NH3 (g)

Question 8

Condensation of acyl chlorides to form substituted amides

Answer 8

Amines (RNH2)

Question 9

Acid hydrolysis of ester

Answer 9

HCl/H2SO4 (aq), heat under reflux - gives carboxylic acid and alcohol

Question 10

Base hydrolysis of ester

Answer 10

K/NaOH (aq), heat under reflux to form carboxylate salt and alcohol