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Chemistry > carboxylic acids > Flashcards

carboxylic acids Flashcards

1
Q

general formula ca

A

CnH2nO2

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2
Q

functional group ca

A

-COOH

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3
Q

types of carboxylic acid

A
  • straight chain
  • branched chain
  • dicarboxylic acid
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4
Q

why do carboxylic acids have relatively high mp and bp

A

form H bonds

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5
Q

why are carboxylic acids with a low mr soluble in water

A

due to h bonding

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6
Q

what do carboxylic acids form in water

A

dimers

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7
Q

acid

A

substance that donates H+ ions

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8
Q

why are carboxylic acids weak acids

A

they only partially dissociate

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9
Q

acid + base >?

A

salt + water

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10
Q

acid + carbonate >?

A

salt + water + co2

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11
Q

acid + metal >?

A

salt + hydrogen

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12
Q

what do carboxylic acids react to form

A

carboxylate salts

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13
Q

why are carboxylate salts soluble in water

A

theyre ionic

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14
Q

methanoic acid + potassium hydroxide >

A

potassium methanoate + water

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15
Q

symbol equation methanoic acid + potassium hydroxide >

A

HCOOH + KOH > HCOO-K+ + H20

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16
Q

ethanoic acid + sodium >

A

sodium ethanoate + hydrogen

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17
Q

symbol equation ethanoic acid + sodium >

A

CH3COOH + NA > CH3COO-Na+ + 1/2 H2

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18
Q

ethanoic acid + magnesium >

A

magnesium ethanoate + hydrogen

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19
Q

symbol equation ethanoic acid + magnesium >

A

CH3COOH + MG > (CH3COO-)2 MG2+ + H2

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20
Q

propanoic acid + sodium carbonate >?

A

sodium propanoate + water + co2

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21
Q

symbol equation propanoic acid + sodium carbonate >?

A

2CH3CH2COOH + NA2CO3 > 2CH3CH2COONA + H2O +CO2

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22
Q

test for carboxylic acids

A
  • sodium hydrogen carbonate

- effervescence due to co2

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23
Q

esters general formula

A

CnH2nO2

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24
Q

esters functional group

A

-coo

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25
Q

what reaction can esters be prepared from

A

the reaction of a carboxylic acid + alcohol

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26
Q

ethanoic acid + methanol >?

A

methyl ethanoate + water

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27
Q

how are esters named

A

after parent alcohol and parent CA

  • alcohol portion start of name
  • ca portion at end
28
Q

symbol equation ethanoic acid + methanol >?

A

CH3COOH + CH3OH >< CH3COOCH3 + H2O

29
Q

PROPERTIES OF ESTERS

A
  • sweet-smelling liquids, naturally occur in fruits

- lower boiling points and are less soluble in water than carboxylic acids because esters don’t form h bonds

30
Q

uses of esters

A
  • perfumes
  • flavourings
  • solvents
  • plasticisers
31
Q

by which 3 methods can esters be prepared in a lab

A
  • ca and alcohol
  • acid anhydride and alcohol
  • acyl chloride and alcohol

all condensation reactions

32
Q

condensation reaction

A

a chemical reaction in which 2 molecules are joined together with the elimination of a small molecule

33
Q

general equation esterification (ca + alcohol)

A

RCOOH + HOR1 <> RCOOR1 + H2O

34
Q

catalyst esterification

A

conc h2so4

35
Q

conditions esterfification

36
Q

ethanoic acid + ethanol symbol equation

A

CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH <> CH3COOCH2CH3 +H2O

37
Q

general equation acid anhydride + alcohol

A

RCOOCOR + R1OH > RCOOR1 + RCOOH

38
Q

GENERAL EQUATION ACYL CHLORIDE AND ALCOHOL

A

RCOCl + HOR1 > RCOOR1 + HCl

39
Q

ETHANOYL CHLORIDE AND METHANOL SYMBOL EQUATION

A

CH3COCL + HOCH3 > CH3COOCH3 + HCL

40
Q

what is aspirin an ester of

A

2 hydroxybenzoic acid

41
Q

what is aspirin made of

A

salicylic acid + ethanoic anhydride

42
Q

why is ethanoic anhydride used rather than ethanoyl chloride to make acid

A
  • less vigorous
  • cheaper
  • HCl toxic, gaseous product
43
Q

hydrolysis

A

breaking of a bond using water

44
Q

what do the products obtained from the hydrolysis of an ester depend on

A

the conditions used for the reaction

45
Q

acid hydrolysis of esters general equation

A

RCOOR1 + H2O <> RCOOH + R1OH

46
Q

products of acid hydrolysis of esters

A

carboxylic acid + alcohol

47
Q

conditions for acid hydrolysis of esters

A

heat, reflux and dilute, aqueous acid

48
Q

symbol equation for acid hydrolysis of propyl ethanoate

A

CH3COOCH2CH2CH3 + H2O <> CH3COOH + CH3CH2CH2OH

49
Q

general equation alkaline hydrolysis of esters

A

RCOOR1 + NaOH > RCOO-Na+ + R1OH

50
Q

products of alkaline hydrolysis of esters

A

alcohol and carboxylate salt

51
Q

conditions of alkaline hydrolysis of esters

A

heat, reflux and dilute and aqueous NaOH

52
Q

how can the carboxylic acid be obtained from the sodium salt produced by alkaline hydrolysis of esters

A

adding an acid

53
Q

how can triglycerides occur naturally

A

as animal fats and vegetable oils

54
Q

what is a triglyceride

A

a triester of glycerol and fatty acids

55
Q

structural formula glycerol

A

CH2OHCHOHCH2OH

56
Q

IUPAC name for glycerol

A

propane 1,2,3 triol

57
Q

what are fatty acids

A

long chain CA

58
Q

differeces between fats and oils

A
  • fat solid at room temp

- oil liquid at room temp

59
Q

what do the triglycerides found in fats often contain

A

saturated fatty acids

60
Q

what do the triglycerides found in oils often contain

A

unsaturated fatty acids

61
Q

why can triglycerides be hydrolysed under alkaline conditions

A

they contain ester groups

62
Q

products of alkaline hydrolysis of triglycerides

A

glycerol and sodium salt

63
Q

conditions of alkaline hydrolysis of triglycerides

64
Q

what are the sodium salts formed in hydrolysis of triglycerides used as

65
Q

what is biodiesel a mixture of

A

methyl esters of long chain carboxylic acids

66
Q

how can biodiesel be made

A

from triglyerides by transeterification

67
Q

transeterification

A

vegetable oils reacted with ethanol in presence of KOH catalyst

Chemistry (42 decks)

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