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amines Flashcards

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1
Q

what are amines

A

compounds based on ammonia where one or more of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by alkyl or aryl groups

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2
Q

what can amines be classified as

A

primary secondary or tertiary

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3
Q

Preparation of aromatic amines from nitrobenzenes: reagents and conditions

A

Conc hcl and tin catalyst

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4
Q

Preparation of aromatic amines from nitrobenzenes: equation

A

Benzene-NO2 + 6[H] > benzene-NH2 + 2H2O

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5
Q

Preparation of aromatic amines from nitrobenzenes: reaction type

A

Reduction

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6
Q

Preparation of aromatic amines from nitrobenzenes: uses of aromatic amines

A

Dyes and drugs

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7
Q

General formula aliphatic amines

A

CnH2n+3N

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8
Q

Preparation of primary aliphatic amines from halogenoalkanes: reagents and conditions

A

Excess ammonia in ethanol and warm

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9
Q

Preparation of primary aliphatic amines from halogenoalkanes: general equation

A

RBr + 2NH3 > RNH2 + NH4+Br-

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10
Q

Preparation of primary aliphatic amines from halogenoalkanes: mechanism

A

Nucleophilic substitution

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11
Q

Preparation of primary aliphatic amines from halogenoalkanes: why must excess ammonia be used

A

To prevent further substitution

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12
Q

Preparation of primary aliphatic amines from nitriles: reagents and conditions

A

H2 Ni catalyst

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13
Q

Preparation of primary aliphatic amines from nitriles: general equation

A

R-C(triple bond)N + 2H2 > RCH2NH2

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14
Q

Base

A

Substance that accepts H+ ions

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15
Q

Why are ammonia and amines weak bases

A

Lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom, which can accept a proton from an acid

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16
Q

What do amines dissolve in acids to give

A

The corresponding alkyl-ammonium salt

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17
Q

How can the amine be reformed from an alkylammonium salt

A

By adding an alkali

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18
Q

What is the ability of a substance to act as a base termed

A

Basicity

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19
Q

What is the order of basicity of amines

A

Primary amines>NH3>benzene NH2

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20
Q

Comparing primary aliphatic amines and ammonia: what does the alkyl group in primary amines release and why

A

Electron density towards the nitrogen atom due to positive inductive effect

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21
Q

Comparing primary aliphatic amines and ammonia: what does release of electron density towards nitrogen atom increase

A

Electron density on the nitrogen atom and the lone pair is more available to accept H+

22
Q

Comparing primary aliphatic amines and ammonia: are aliphatic amines stronger bases than ammonia

A

Yes

23
Q

Comparing primary aromatic amines and ammonia: where is the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom of aromatic amines

A

Delocalised into the pi ring

24
Q

Comparing primary aromatic amines and ammonia: what effect does the delocalisation of the lone pair have on the electron density of the nitrogen atom

A

Decreases it- lone pair less available to accept H+

25
Q

Comparing primary aromatic amines and ammonia: are aromatic amines weaker bases than ammonia

A

Yes

26
Q

What does relative basicity depend on

A

The availability of the lone pair on the N atom

27
Q

The more available the lone pair is, the ? The base

A

Stronger

28
Q

Why are amines nucleopgiles

A

Nitrogen atom of amines able to donate a lone pair of electrons

29
Q

Nucleopgile

A

Electron pair donor

30
Q

Reaction of ammonia with halogenoalkanes: general equation

A

R-Hal + 2NlpH3 > RNlpH2+ NH4+Hal-

31
Q

Reaction of ammonia with halogenoalkanes: mechanism

A

Nuc substitution

32
Q

Reaction of primary amines with halogenoalkanes: general equation

A

RHal + 2R1NlpH2 > RR1NH + R1NH3+Hal-

33
Q

Reaction of secondary amines with halogenoalkanes: general equation

A

RHal + 2R1(sq)NH > RR1(sq)N + R1(sq)NH2+Hal-

34
Q

Reaction of tertiary amines with halogenoalkanes: general equation

A

R-Hal + R1(cub)N > RR1(cub)N+Hal-

35
Q

What are quaternary ammonium salts used as

A

Cationic surfactants in household products such as detergent and fabric softeners

36
Q

What are surfactants

A

Compounds with regions which are partly soluble in water and partly insoluble

37
Q

What charge do quaternary ammonium salts have

A

Positive- cationic

38
Q

Which region of the quaternary ammonium salt is ionic

A

The N+

Soluble in water

39
Q

Which part of the quaternary ammonium salt is not water soluble

A

The long non polar hydrocarbon region

40
Q

Nucleophilic addition elimination reactions of ammonia with acyl chlorides: general equation

A

RCOCl + NH3 > RCONH2 + H+ + Cl-

41
Q

Nucleophilic addition elimination reactions of ammonia with acyl chlorides: organic product

A

Amide

42
Q

Nucleophilic addition elimination reactions of ammonia with acyl chlorides: mechanism

A

Nuc addition elimination

43
Q

Nucleophilic addition elimination reactions of amines with acyl chlorides: general equation

A

RCOCl + R1NH2 > RCONHR1 + H+Cl-

44
Q

Nucleophilic addition elimination reactions of amines with acyl chlorides: organic product

A

N substituted amide

45
Q

Nucleophilic addition elimination reactions of ammonia with acid anhydrides: general equation

A

RCOOCOR + NH3 > RCONH2 + RCOOH

46
Q

Nucleophilic addition elimination reactions of ammonia with acid anhydrides: organic product

A

Amide and carboxylic acid

47
Q

Nucleophilic addition elimination reactions of amines with acid anhydrides:

A

RCOOCOR + R1NH2 > RCONR1H + RCOOH

48
Q

Nucleophilic addition elimination reactions of amines with acid anhydrides: organic product

A

N substituted amide

49
Q

equation for ethyl amine and acid (HCl)

A

CH3CH2NH2 + HCl > CH3CH2N+H3Cl-

50
Q

equation for alkylammonium salt and alkali

A

CH3CH2NH3 + OH- > CH3CH2NH2 + H2O

Chemistry (42 decks)

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