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Chemistry > 1.2 amounts of substance part 2 > Flashcards

1.2 amounts of substance part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what does stoichiometry tell you

A

the relative number of moles of reactant and products involved in a reaction

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2
Q

what is stoichiometry found from

A

the balanced equation

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3
Q

what is volumetric analysis used for

A

to find the volume of one solution which is needed to react with a measured volume of another solution

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4
Q

what can the results of volumetric analysis be used to find

A

the unknown concentration of one of the solutions

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5
Q

what is the solution with the known concentration called

A

the standard solution

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6
Q

the 4 steps to making a standard solution:

A

dissolve known mass of solid in de-ionised water

using a funnel, transfer into a volumetric flask; include washings

make up to the graduated line by carefully adding de-ionised water, making sure the meniscus sits on the line

stopper the flask and invert to mix the contents thoroughly

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7
Q

how to find the concentration of a solution of base

A

fill a burette with a known concentration of the acid

pipette a known volume of base into a conical flask

add a few drops of indicator to the base in the flask

add the solution of the acid from the burette until the indicator just changes colour- known as end point

record volume of acid added to nearest 0.05cm cubed
perform a rough titration and then sufficient accurate ones until the titres are concordant (within 0.01cm cubed of eachother)

calculate the mean titre from concordant titres to 2 d.p.

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8
Q

what colour is methyl orange in acid

A

red

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9
Q

what colour is methyl orange in base

A

yellow

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10
Q

what is methyl orange’s end point colour

A

orange

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11
Q

what colour is phenolphthalein in acid

A

colourless

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12
Q

what colour is phenolphthalein in base

A

pink

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13
Q

what is phenolphthalein’s end point colour

A

colourless

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14
Q

What are acid base titration calculations used for

A

To find the concentration of a solution of the volume of solution which reacts

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15
Q

What is a hydrated salt

A

A salt which contains water

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16
Q

What happens when hydrated salts are heated

A

The water is driven off and the compound is said to be anhydrous

17
Q

What does waters of crystallisation refer to

A

The water molecules which form an essential part of the crystalline structure of a hydrated salt

18
Q

How to calculate the number of moles of water of crystallisation

A
  • you will need to know the masses of the hydrated and anhydrous salts
  • mass of water = mass of hydrated salt - mass anhydrous salt
  • work out the number of moles of anhydrous salt and of water
  • find the simplest whole number ratio
19
Q

What is percentage yield

A

A measure of the success of a laboratory preparation

20
Q

How to work out percentage yield

A

Actual yield of product/theoretical yield of product x 100

21
Q

Do both values need to be in moles for the percentage yield formula

A

Yes

22
Q

What is theoretical yield

A

The number of moles expected if the reactants were completely converted into products

23
Q

How to work out theoretical yield

A

Calculating the number of moles of reactants used and then using the balanced equation to calculate the number of moles of product if the yield was 100%

24
Q

What is actual yield

A

The actual number of moles of product formed in the reaction

25
Q

What is atom economy

A

A measure of the efficiency of a reaction in terms of the atoms involved

26
Q

What does atom economy consider

A

Desired product and by products

27
Q

Atom economy equation

A

Mr of desired product/sum of Mrs of all products x 100

28
Q

What can atom economy be calculated from

A

The balanced equation

29
Q

What is atom economy’s significance in terms of the environment

A

Lots of waste products

30
Q

Addition reaction

A

Have an atom economy of 100%- one product made

31
Q

Substitution and elimination reactions

A

Have an atom economy of less than 100%- at least 2 products made

32
Q

What is sustainable chemistry

A

The design of chemical products and processes that reduce the use of hazardous substances and generation of waste

33
Q

What does sustainability mean

A

Developing industrial processes that prevent the depletion of the earths natural resources

34
Q

Rules for chemical sustainability

A
  1. Reduce use of hazardous chemicals
  2. Reduce amount of waste
  3. Recycle waste
  4. Use fewer chemicals
  5. Design for energy efficiency i.e. Use s catalyst and renewable energy resource
  6. Use renewable feedstocks
  7. Manufacture biodegradable products
  8. Think safety
  9. Establish international cooperation
35
Q

What are the downsides of green chemistry

A
  1. Cost- research = people = £
  2. Reduction of land needed for food
  3. Adhering to international agreements

Chemistry (42 decks)

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