Carboxylic acids Flashcards
Characteristics ?
Acids + Carboxyl group
R-COOH
Weak in Water
Boiling points rise with increase about 18 ° per Methylene group
Greater solubility –> Ab C7 Insoluble
The carboxylic acids with up to four carbon atoms will mix with water in any proportion
Carboxyl group
Carbonyl + OH
Dissociation
Displaced to left
Dimers
Double molecules associated by H Bonds
Reactions
- Salt formation –> Neutralization with Bases
- Acyl Halides –> -OH replaced by Halogen
- Amide –> Carboxylic acid –> Ammonium Salt —> Heat–> Amide
- Anhydrides –> -H2O
- Esters –> with Alks
- Nitriles –> With Ammonia
Compounds (21)
Formic acid Acetic acid Propionic/ Butyric/ Isobutyric acid Lactic acid Pyruvic acid Beta-Hydroxybutyric/ Acetoacetic/ Acetone Oxalic acid Citric acid Tartaric acid EDTA Benzoic acid Salicylic acid Suflosalicylic Aspririn PAB PAS Gallic acid Mandelic acid Homogentisic acid Pthalic acids Phenolphtalein
Formic acid
Stings of bees and wasps+ Nettles
Painful blisters
Mild reducing agent (-CH=O)
Strongest simple organic acid
How is Formic acid made?
It is made by the action of sulfuric acid upon sodium formate,
which is produced from carbon monoxide and sodium hydroxide
!!failure to form an anhydride!!
Acetic Acid
- Vinegar: A dilute solution of acetic acid produced by fermentation and oxidation of natural carbohydrates
- Acetate: a salt, ester, or acylal of acetic acid
- Biologically, an important metabolic intermediate, and it occurs naturally in body fluids and in plant juices
- Pure acetic acid, often called glacial acetic acid, is a corrosive, colourless liquid (boiling point 117.9 °C) ; melting point 16.6 that is completely miscible with water
- Acetyl deriveratives –> Intermediary metabolites
Methanol + CarbonMonoxide –> Acetic acid
Aluminium acetate
Local applications
Trichloroacetic acid
Deproteinization of Blood samples
Propionic/ Butyric/ Isobutyric acid
Unpleasant smell, But ester have a nice smell (Fresh Butter)
Butyric –> Fatty acid
Fatty acids
- Important component of lipids
- Consists of a straight chain of an even number of carbon atoms, with hydrogen atoms along the length of the chain and at one end of the chain and a carboxyl group (−COOH) at the other end
- Unsaturated –> More reactive
- Commonly they exist in combination with glycerol (an alcohol) in the form of triglyceride
- Soaps are the sodium and potassium salts of fatty acids
Lipids
fat-soluble components of living cells
Oxalic acid
Ethanedioic acid
Its Potassium salts in Vegetables –> Crystalls of calcium oxalate in Urine –> also PRESERVING BLOOD SAMPLES
Valeric / Isovaleric acid
weak sedative properties
in Valeriana officinalis
Isovaleric –> sexual attractant for some animals (Cats)
Biologically important derivatives ?
Contain mainly Hydroxyl / Keto / Amino groups
Lactic acid
Formed when milk turns sour –> Lactobacillus
Brine of Sauerkraut/ Siloed Fodder
Lactic acid in Medicine?
Contracting Muscles
Calcium Substitution Therapy -> Calcium Lactate
How is Pyruvic acid produced?
Produced by distillation of Tartaric acid
Pyruvic acid
Important intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism
How is Lactic acid produced ?
Reduction of Pyruvic acid
What are the Ketone Bodies?
- Three water-soluble molecules –>
- Beta Hydroxy butyric acid/ Acetoacetic acid / Acetone
- Produced by the liver from fatty acids during periods of low food intake , carbohydrate restrictive diets, starvation, prolonged intense exercise or in untreated type 1 diabetes mellitus
- These ketone bodies are readily picked up by the extra-hepatic tissues, and converted into acetyl-CoA which then enters the citric acid cycle and is oxidized in the mitochondria for energy
Precursor of Acetoacetic acid ?
HMG
–> Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylglutaric acid
