Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Flashcards
What has a higher boiling point ? Acyl halide vs carboxylic acids
Carboxylic acids
What is the most reactive carboxylic acid derivative
Acyl halides
Why is the acyl halide very reactive ?
The greater electron withdrawing power of the halogen makes the carbonyl carbon more susceptible to attack
Why do anhydrides have lower boiling points than carboxylic acids ?
No hydrogen bonding
When does an anhydride have a higher boiling point than a carboxylic acid ?
When the anhydride has a much larger molecular weight , this is more influential than hydrogen bonding
Condensation of two carboxylic acids to form an anhydride needs what conditions ?
Anhydrous conditions !! Water will make it go back. You need reagents like an anhydride or DCC and phosphorus pentachloride
Esters have ____ melting and boiling points than comparable carboxylic acids of the same size ?
Lower
Esters and water solubility ?
Small ones = good
Big ones = decreases
Esters of long chain carboxylic acids often called fatty acids and glycerol
Triacylglycerols
Saponification is the process whereby fats are processed under ____ conditions to produce soaps
Basic
Grignard reagent will produce ___ alcohols with two equivalents. The intermediate ketone can be isolated only if?
Tertiary
The alkyl groups are sufficiently bulky
Claisen reaction ? Under what conditions
Esters react under basic conditions and you get a betaketo ester
Phosphoric acid is ____ acidic than carboxylic acid
More
Structure of phospholipids ?
One phosphoric acid
Glycerol
Two carboxylic acids
Amides have ___ melting points and ___ water solubility
High
Good
Hofmann rearrangement ?
Converts amides to primary amines with the loss of the carbonyl carbon as co2
Most reactive to least reactive carboxylic acid derivatives ? (Least stable to most stable )
Acyl halide
Anhydride
Ester
Amides
During the hydrolysis of an acid chloride , a pyridine (base) is usually added to the reaction vessel. This is done because ?
The hydrolysis reaction leads to the formation of HCL (neutralizing)
In order to produce a primary amide, an acid chloride should be treated with ?
Ammonia
