Carboxcylic Acids Flashcards
How do you name carboxylic acids?
replace the e of the corresponding alkane with -oic acid. the carbonyl carbon is the number one carbon
What are some common names of carboxycilic acids?
Formic acid, acetic acid, carbonic acid, succinic acid, benzoic acid.
what is the boiling point of carboxycilic acids?
High boiling points because of the hydrogen bonding.
Name some substances that carboxylic acid is soluble in?
water because it is polar
bases because of the hydrogen is acidic.
Why are carboxylic acids weakly acidic?
they are the most acidic of organic acids. the carbonyl group is attached to a oxygen group. Resonance stabilization.
What are some properties of carboxylic acids?
-the carboxyl carbon undergoes nucleophilic attack
-in basic conditions the hydroxyl group is a good leaving group
-in acidic condition the a protonated hydroxyl
group makes an excellent leaving group.
-hydrogen bonding makes great inter and intramolecular bonding
What is the order o acidity for some substances?
alkanes<carboxylic acids
What is the acidity strength dependent on?
inductive affects. the electron withdrawing groups makes it more acidic.
What are the reactions that form carboxylic acids?
- reacting a Grignard with CO2
- reacting KMNO4 with aldehyde or alcohol
- reacting a nitrile with aqueous acid
- esters in acid are basic solution
- acid chlorides with H2/Pd/C
What is esterfication?
reacting a carboxylic acid and alcohol to form an ester. Nucleophilic substitution of th hydroxyl group with a alcohol
How do you form an amide?
Nucleophilic substitution of the hydroxyl group with a -NH2 group.
how do you form a acid chloride?
Reacting a carboxylic acid with PCl5 or SOCl2
What is decarboxylation?
It is the lose of a carboxyl group to CO2 in diacids(carboxyl groupat beta position) and keto acids
Reduction of carboxylic acids.
reduced to primary alcohols using LiAlH4 or H2/metals
