Carbonyls carboxylic acids and esters

Question 1

What is the mechanism for carbonyl reduction called

Answer 1

Nucleophilic addition

Question 2

What are the 3 reactions of carboxylic acids and what are the products

Answer 2

Metals: CH3COOH+ Na -> (CH3COO)Na + H
Carbonates: 2 CH3COOH + Na2CO3 -> CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O (Water + Carbon Dioxide)
Bases: CH3COOH + NaOH -> CH3COONA + H20

Question 3

What are the 3 ways u can synthesise esters and what are the products

Answer 3

Alcohols + CARBOXYLIC ACIDS - Ester + water
+ ACYL CHLORIDE - Ester + HCl
+ ANHYDRIDES - Ester + Carboxylic acid

Question 4

What are 2 ways you can hydrolyse esters and what are the products

Answer 4

1. Acid Hydrolysis - Ester + H2O -> Carboxylic acid + Alcohol
2. Base Hydrolysis - Ester + Hydroxide ION (OH-) -> ethanoATE + Ethanol

Question 5

How can acyl chlorides be prepared?

Answer 5

Reacting carboxylic acid with SOCl2
RCOOH + SOCL2 -> RCOCl + SO2 + HCl
PRODUCTS ARE HCL AND SO2

Question 6

What can acyl chlorides react with

Answer 6

Water -> prod. alcohol + HCl
Alcohols -> Ester + HCl
Conc. ammonia -> Primary amide + HCl
primary amines -> secodary amide + HCl
Pheols -> phenolic esters

Question 7

How to test for ketones

Answer 7

2-4 di nitro hydrazine and red precipitate forms

Question 8

how to test for aldehydes

Answer 8

tollens reagent and silver mirror forms