Carbonyls carboxylic acids and esters Flashcards
What is the mechanism for carbonyl reduction called
Nucleophilic addition
What are the 3 reactions of carboxylic acids and what are the products
Metals: CH3COOH+ Na -> (CH3COO)Na + H
Carbonates: 2 CH3COOH + Na2CO3 -> CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O (Water + Carbon Dioxide)
Bases: CH3COOH + NaOH -> CH3COONA + H20
What are the 3 ways u can synthesise esters and what are the products
Alcohols + CARBOXYLIC ACIDS - Ester + water
+ ACYL CHLORIDE - Ester + HCl
+ ANHYDRIDES - Ester + Carboxylic acid
What are 2 ways you can hydrolyse esters and what are the products
- Acid Hydrolysis - Ester + H2O -> Carboxylic acid + Alcohol
- Base Hydrolysis - Ester + Hydroxide ION (OH-) -> ethanoATE + Ethanol
How can acyl chlorides be prepared?
Reacting carboxylic acid with SOCl2
RCOOH + SOCL2 -> RCOCl + SO2 + HCl
PRODUCTS ARE HCL AND SO2
What can acyl chlorides react with
Water -> prod. Carboxylic acids + HCl
Alcohols -> Ester + HCl
Conc. ammonia -> Primary amide + HCl
primary amines -> secodary amide + HCl
Pheols -> phenolic esters
How to test for ketones
2-4 di nitro phenyl hydrazine and red precipitate forms. Orange crystals produced are filtered then purified via recrystalisation. After purification, take melting point of crystals and compare to known values
how to test for aldehydes
tollens reagent, Ag+ in tollens reagent undergo reduction to Ag and silver mirror forms
How is nucleophilic addition hetrolytic fission
O recieves both electrons
Breaking of covalent bond
How to test for carboxylic acid
Add Na2 CO3 prod. -> co2 + h20 and fizzing occurs
How to go from -CN to -COOH
H+ reagent
How to go from Carbonyl compound to OH
NaBH4 reagent
