Alkenes/Alkanes

Question 1

What is Markowniff’s rule and why does it occur

Answer 1

Hydrogen gets attached to the carbon with most hydrogen attached to it –> most stable carbocation intermediate

Question 2

When does a E and Z isomer occur

Answer 2

When Each C atom of the double bond is attached to 2 different groups of atoms

Question 3

what is the defenition of homologous series

Answer 3

series of orgnaic compound having the same functional group but with each successive member different by ch2

Question 4

what is the catalysts required when you and turning an alkene into an alkane via H2

Answer 4

Nickel catalyst

Question 5

What is the reagent and conditions for adding water to an alkene to make an alcohol

Answer 5

Steam(reagent) and acid catalyst

Question 6

What is an advantage and disadvantage of isomg combustion as a dispoasl method for waste polymers

Answer 6

Advantage: Energy Production
Disadvantage: Formation of HCl`

Question 7

What is the defenition of electrophile

Answer 7

Electron pair acceptor

Question 8

What are 3 ways that waste polymers can be processed in a sustainable way

Answer 8

Combustion
Recycling
Used as Organic Feedstock

Question 9

How do you converted Alkene into Alkane

Answer 9

Add H2 reagent and nickel catalyst

Question 10

What is a difference between a pi and sigma bond

Answer 10

Sigma bond is between bonding atoms and pi bonds exist above and below bonding atoms

Question 11

Why do some compounds not have E/Z Isomers?

Answer 11

One carbon atom is attached to two groups which are the same

Question 12

What is PTFE

Answer 12

PolyTetraFluoroEthene

Question 13

What is meant by the term structural isomeres

Answer 13

Having same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 14

What does curly arrows represent in a curly arrow diagram

Answer 14

Movement of a pair of electrons

Question 15

What are 2 advantages of polymers made from natural foods

Answer 15

They are Biodegradable and they do not produce toxic gases on combustion

Question 16

How does a pi bond occur

Answer 16

When a p orbital from each Carbon overlap sideways

Question 17

What are aromatic aliphatic and alicyclic isomers

Answer 17

Aromatic isomers what circles in shapes
Aliphatic iis when a shape is CONNECTED
Alicyclic is shapes but without any shape in the middle

Question 18

What are the steps for bond fission

Answer 18

Initation - When CL2 is broken apart by UV Light and they contain a free electron(radical)
Propogation - When Cl radical attacks CH3 and becomes HCL with CH3 radical and then CH3 attacks CL2 and becomes CH3CL with CL radical forming
termiantion when they all make up

Question 19

Suggest ways to reduce enviornmental damage in terms of polymeres

Answer 19

Develop Biodegradable Polymers
Develop ways of sorting and recycling Polymers

Question 20

How would you define a steroismer

Answer 20

2 or more compounds with the same strucre but different arrangements in space

Question 21

Why does BP decrease with more branching

Answer 21

More branching means less surface contact which means weaker LDF hence LDF requires less energy to overcome