Carbon Pool Flashcards
_____ is the most oxidized one-carbon form that is transferred by biotin in carboxylation reactions
CO2
_______ is produced in cells via the reduction of dietary folate
tetrahydrofolate (FH4)
_______ is synthesized by bacteria and higher plants from the bicyclic pteridine ring, p-amino-benzoic acid (PABA) and glutamate
Folate
why don’t sulfa drugs affect human cells?
because they block the synthesis of PABA for folate synthesis, which human cells can’t do
Enzymes of brush border epithelium cleave how many of the glutamate residues before absorption?
all but one
what was the first class of drugs to be discovered that could treat bacterial infection
sulpha drugs
Folate is reduced to dihydrofolate and then to tetrahydrofolate by what enzyme and what else is needed??
dihydrofolate reductase and NADPH
what drug targets dihydrofolate as an anticancer agent?
methotrexate
B12 deficiency can cause what to occur?
the methyl folate trap, in which THF is converted into a resivoir that has no way of being metabolized, resulting in a folate deficiency
Tetrahydrofolate (FH4) obtains one carbon units from what 5 things as part of their catabolism?
serine, glycine, histidine, formaldehyde, and formate
These 1-carbon units that are attached to FH4 for their catabolism are ______ and ______
oxidized and reduced
once the 1-carbon units that are attched to FH4 for their catabolism are reduced they can/cannot be reoxidized
cannot
further reduction of the CH3 groups to methane (CH4) from serine, glycine, histidine, formaldehyde, and formate can be done by _____
intestinal bacteria, but not humane cells
what is the major source of 1-carbon groups carried by FH4?
serine
serine’s hydroxymethyl group is transferred to act as a 1-carbon group by a reversible reaction that uses pyridoxal phosphate and generates what?
generating N5,N10-methylene-FH4 and glycine