Carbon Compounds & Fuels Flashcards
What is Crude Oil made up of?
A mixture of hydrocarbons.
What is hydrocarbon made up of?
Hydrogen and Carbon
What is the structural formula for alkanes?
CnH2n+2
What is fractional distillation?
Heats crude oil to separate it into molecules with different boiling points.
What do we produce through fractional distillation (in order on column)?
LPG, Petrol, Kerosene, Diesel Oil, Heavy Fuel.
What happens to the BP as the hydrocarbons get larger?
The boiling point increases.
What is the cracking of hydrocarbons?
The breaking of hydrocarbons into shorter, more useful ones.
What are the names of the first four hydrocarbons?
Methane, Ethane, Propane and Butane.
What does Methane contain?
1 Carbon atom bonded with 4 hydrogen atoms.
What does Ethane contain?
2 Carbon atom bonded with 6 hydrogen atoms.
What does Butane contain?
4 Carbon atom bonded with 10 hydrogen atoms.
What does Propane contain?
3 Carbon atoms bonded with 8 hydrogen atoms
What are hydrocarbons?
Molecules made up of only hydrogen and carbon atoms.
What are Alkanes?
Saturated hydrocarbons
What is the structural formula for alkenes?
CnH2n
What can be used to test for alkenes?
Bromine Water (will turn from orange to colourless)
How is Crude Oil formed?
From the remains of animals and plants (mainly plankton) that are compressed over a long time.
What are Alkenes?
Unsaturated hydrocarbons
How does Fractional Distillation work? (4)
1) The oil is heated until most of the oil has turned to gas and has risen up the fractionating column.
2) In the column there is a temperature gradient (temp decreases moving up the column).
3) Longer hydrocarbons have higher boiling points due to needing more energy to break intermolecular forces, so they condone lower in the column.
4) The crude oil is now separated into different columns.
Equation for Complete Combustion with oxygen?
Fuel + O2 -> CO2 + H2O
What happens to the viscosity as hydrocarbons get longer?
They become more viscous.
What happens to the flammability of hydrocarbons as they get longer?
Become less flammable.
What can Hydrocarbons be used to make?
Solvents, Lubricants, detergents and POLYMERS.
TRUE OR FALSE
Polymers can be made from both alkanes and alkenes.
FALSE
They can only be made from alkenes.
