Carbon Compounds & Fuels

Question 1

What is Crude Oil made up of?

Answer 1

A mixture of hydrocarbons.

Question 2

What is hydrocarbon made up of?

Answer 2

Hydrogen and Carbon

Question 3

What is the structural formula for alkanes?

Answer 3

CnH2n+2

Question 4

What is fractional distillation?

Answer 4

Heats crude oil to separate it into molecules with different boiling points.

Question 5

What do we produce through fractional distillation (in order on column)?

Answer 5

LPG, Petrol, Kerosene, Diesel Oil, Heavy Fuel.

Question 6

What happens to the BP as the hydrocarbons get larger?

Answer 6

The boiling point increases.

Question 7

What is the cracking of hydrocarbons?

Answer 7

The breaking of hydrocarbons into shorter, more useful ones.

Question 8

What are the names of the first four hydrocarbons?

Answer 8

Methane, Ethane, Propane and Butane.

Question 9

What does Methane contain?

Answer 9

1 Carbon atom bonded with 4 hydrogen atoms.

Question 10

What does Ethane contain?

Answer 10

2 Carbon atom bonded with 6 hydrogen atoms.

Question 11

What does Butane contain?

Answer 11

4 Carbon atom bonded with 10 hydrogen atoms.

Question 12

What does Propane contain?

Answer 12

3 Carbon atoms bonded with 8 hydrogen atoms

Question 13

What are hydrocarbons?

Answer 13

Molecules made up of only hydrogen and carbon atoms.

Question 14

What are Alkanes?

Answer 14

Saturated hydrocarbons

Question 15

What is the structural formula for alkenes?

Answer 15

CnH2n

Question 16

What can be used to test for alkenes?

Answer 16

Bromine Water (will turn from orange to colourless)

Question 17

How is Crude Oil formed?

Answer 17

From the remains of animals and plants (mainly plankton) that are compressed over a long time.

Question 18

What are Alkenes?

Answer 18

Unsaturated hydrocarbons

Question 19

How does Fractional Distillation work? (4)

Answer 19

1) The oil is heated until most of the oil has turned to gas and has risen up the fractionating column.
2) In the column there is a temperature gradient (temp decreases moving up the column).
3) Longer hydrocarbons have higher boiling points due to needing more energy to break intermolecular forces, so they condone lower in the column.
4) The crude oil is now separated into different columns.

Question 20

Equation for Complete Combustion with oxygen?

Answer 20

Fuel + O2 -> CO2 + H2O

Question 21

What happens to the viscosity as hydrocarbons get longer?

Answer 21

They become more viscous.

Question 22

What happens to the flammability of hydrocarbons as they get longer?

Answer 22

Become less flammable.

Question 23

What can Hydrocarbons be used to make?

Answer 23

Solvents, Lubricants, detergents and POLYMERS.

Question 24

TRUE OR FALSE
Polymers can be made from both alkanes and alkenes.

Answer 24

FALSE
They can only be made from alkenes.

Question 25

What are the products of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons?

Answer 25

Carbon Monoxide, Carbon Dioxide and Soot.