Carbohydrates - PRELIM QUIZ Flashcards
One of the given two simplest carbohydrates.
GLYCERALDEHYDES
Sugar synthesized in the mammary glands to make the lactose of milk.
galactose
Carbohydrate that contains two to six monosaccharide units linked together.
OLIGOSACCHARIDE
Sweetest of all the common sugars, being about twice as sweet as glucose.
Fructose
The following are importance of carbohydrates EXCEPT:
A. carbohydrates are non-polar molecules
B. carbohydrates can serve as very effective building materials
C. carbohydrates are mostly water-soluble compounds
D. carbohydrates are very effective energy-yielding nutrients
A. carbohydrates are non-polar molecules
Term often called to water-soluble carbohydrates having a characteristically sweet taste like glucose, sucrose and lactose.
SUGARS
Carbohydrate that cannot be further hydrolyzed to simple carbohydrate units.
MONOSACCHARIDE
Monosaccharide known as dextrose or grape sugar.
glucose
Defined as polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones or substances that yield these compounds when hydrolyzed.
CARBOHYDRATES
The following are OTHER classification of carbohydrates EXCEPT:
a. TRIOSES
b. HEXOSES
c. PENTOSES
d. DIOSES
d. DIOSES
The product of xylose reduction.
xylitol
Sugar also known as levulose, a ketohexose that occurs in fruit juices, honey, and along with glucose, is a constituent of sucrose.
fructose
Most abundant carbohydrate in the blood, it is commonly called blood sugar.
glucose
A condition wherein adults doesn’t have the ability to metabolize lactose.
lactose intolerance
Sugar commonly known as milk sugar.
lactose
It is a component of the disaccharide sucrose, maltose, and lactose and is the monomer of the polysaccharides starch, cellulose, and glycogen.
glucose
The product of glucose oxidation.
gluconic acid
What is the normal fasting blood sugar?
70-100 mg/100 mL blood
The presence of glucose in the urine.
glucosuria
The process when body switches to making glucose from amino acids (proteins) because liver glycogen becomes depleted after 10 H.
gluconeogenesis
Carbohydrate whose two main components are amylose and amylopectin.
starch
Sugar that yields glucose and fructose when metabolized or hydrolyzed by an enzyme/acid
sucrose
When does the liver starts to process glycogenolysis?
2-3 hours after meal
Part of the plant cell which consists mainly of polysaccharide.
cell wall
Carbohydrates composed of two monosaccharide residues united by a glycosidic linkages.
disaccharide
The most abundant polysaccharide or organic substance found in nature. It is the chief structural component of plants and wood.
cellulose
The organisms which can be seen only using electron microscope.
viruses
The following are most abundant inorganic elements found in all living organisms EXCEPT:
a. hydrogen
b. oxygen
c. carbon
d. sulfur
d. sulfur
A polysaccharide known as the energy-storage carbohydrate of the animal kingdom.
glycogen
Sugar that yields galactose and glucose when metabolized or hydrolyzed by an enzyme/acid.
lactose
How many chiral carbons does fructose have?
3
Monosaccharides that are epimers.
D-glucose and D-galactose
Monosaccharide that are anomers.
a. α-D-glu & β-L-glu
b. α-D-glu & β-D-glu
c. α-D-fru & β-L-glu
d. α-D-gal & β-D-glu
b. α-D-glucose & β-D-glucose
How many chiral carbons does D-arabinose have?
3
A Disaccharide linked by β-1,4-glycosidic linkage.
lactose
Monosaccharides that are enantiomers.
D-glucose & L-glucose
(TRUE or FALSE) Intermolecular rearrangement of the carbohydrate monosaccharide from fisher projection result in a cyclic or ring structure.
FALSE
The following are low fiber complex carbohydrates EXCEPT:
a. cereals
b. lettuce
c. banana
d. tomato
b. lettuce
The following are non-carbohydrate sugars EXCEPT:
a. cyclamate
b. saccharin
c. aspartame
d. ribose
d. ribose
What principal monosaccharide is used in the formation of milk in the mammary tissue.
galactose
During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are converted to glucose and oxygen by
green plants
What is the process of breaking down carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and water in the body?
metabolism
The following carbohydrates are linked via α-1,4-glycosidic bond EXCEPT:
a. amylose
b. glycogen
c. maltose
d. cellulose
d. cellulose
Which sugar is NOT a reducing sugar?
sucrose
What kind of process is involved in the breakdown of glucose to chemical energy in order for the cells to do work?
oxidation
Carbohydrate that gives molecule when it is completely hydrolyzed is known as a
disaccharides
a monosaccharide that consists of 5 carbon atoms which is a group of ketone
ketopentose
a monosaccharide that contains 4 carbon atoms which is an aldehyde group
aldotetrose
Hydrocarbon contains only the elements…
carbon and hydrogen
reduction of monosaccharides produces
sugar alcohols
In the L-isomer of a Fischer projection of a monosaccharide, the -OH group furthest away from the carbonyl is written…
on the left of the bottom chiral carbon
One difference between L-glucose and D-glucose is
only D-glucose is found in disaccharides and polysaccharides
Glycosidic bond between the two monosaccharides can be classified as
ether bond
In a disaccharide, two monosaccharides are joined by what kind of bond?
glycosidic bond
Contains a B-1-4-glycosidic bond
Lactose
Maltose is a
disaccharide
contains an a-1-6 branches
Glycogen
Cellulose is not digestible to humans because it contains units linked by
____-glycodic acid
B-1-4
Amylose is a form of starch with
only an a-1-4 link bonds glucose units
Humans can’t digest cellulose because
humans lack necessary enzymes to digest B-glycosides
Aspartame and Saccharin are examples of
noncarbohydrate sweeteners
In this disorder an enzyme is missing that is needed to convert galactose to glucose
Galactosemia
Under acid hydrolysis conditions, starch is converted to
Glucose
Maltose can be classified as a(n)
disaccharide
The glucose level in the blood is higher the normal.
Hyperglycemia
The glucose level level in the blood is lower the normal.
Hypoglycemia
Breakdown of carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and water in body, is called..
Respiration
Photosynthesis uses ____ as an energy source
Sunlight
Galactose is a product of enzymatic hydrolysis of…
Lactose
Conversion between a (alpha) and b (beta) anomers is called
Mutarotation
Disaccharide that occurs as a breakdown product of starch
Maltose
A carbohydrate that stores energy in the human body
Glycogen
A disaccharide consisting of glucose and fructose
Sucrose
A disaccharide consisting of 2 glucose molecules
Maltose
Unbranched carbohydrate that stores glucose in plants
Amylose
Amylopectin
Glucose
Lactose
Glucose + Galactose
Glycogen
Glucose
Maltose
Glucose
Sucrose
Glucose + Fructose
