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Biochemistry (1st Year) > Carbohydrates - PRELIM QUIZ > Flashcards

Carbohydrates - PRELIM QUIZ Flashcards

1
Q

One of the given two simplest carbohydrates.

A

GLYCERALDEHYDES

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2
Q

Sugar synthesized in the mammary glands to make the lactose of milk.

A

galactose

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3
Q

Carbohydrate that contains two to six monosaccharide units linked together.

A

OLIGOSACCHARIDE

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4
Q

Sweetest of all the common sugars, being about twice as sweet as glucose.

A

Fructose

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5
Q

The following are importance of carbohydrates EXCEPT:
A. carbohydrates are non-polar molecules
B. carbohydrates can serve as very effective building materials
C. carbohydrates are mostly water-soluble compounds
D. carbohydrates are very effective energy-yielding nutrients

A

A. carbohydrates are non-polar molecules

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6
Q

Term often called to water-soluble carbohydrates having a characteristically sweet taste like glucose, sucrose and lactose.

A

SUGARS

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7
Q

Carbohydrate that cannot be further hydrolyzed to simple carbohydrate units.

A

MONOSACCHARIDE

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8
Q

Monosaccharide known as dextrose or grape sugar.

A

glucose

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9
Q

Defined as polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones or substances that yield these compounds when hydrolyzed.

A

CARBOHYDRATES

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10
Q

The following are OTHER classification of carbohydrates EXCEPT:
a. TRIOSES
b. HEXOSES
c. PENTOSES
d. DIOSES

A

d. DIOSES

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11
Q

The product of xylose reduction.

A

xylitol

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12
Q

Sugar also known as levulose, a ketohexose that occurs in fruit juices, honey, and along with glucose, is a constituent of sucrose.

A

fructose

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13
Q

Most abundant carbohydrate in the blood, it is commonly called blood sugar.

A

glucose

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14
Q

A condition wherein adults doesn’t have the ability to metabolize lactose.

A

lactose intolerance

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15
Q

Sugar commonly known as milk sugar.

A

lactose

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16
Q

It is a component of the disaccharide sucrose, maltose, and lactose and is the monomer of the polysaccharides starch, cellulose, and glycogen.

A

glucose

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17
Q

The product of glucose oxidation.

A

gluconic acid

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18
Q

What is the normal fasting blood sugar?

A

70-100 mg/100 mL blood

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19
Q

The presence of glucose in the urine.

A

glucosuria

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20
Q

The process when body switches to making glucose from amino acids (proteins) because liver glycogen becomes depleted after 10 H.

A

gluconeogenesis

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21
Q

Carbohydrate whose two main components are amylose and amylopectin.

A

starch

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22
Q

Sugar that yields glucose and fructose when metabolized or hydrolyzed by an enzyme/acid

A

sucrose

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23
Q

When does the liver starts to process glycogenolysis?

A

2-3 hours after meal

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24
Q

Part of the plant cell which consists mainly of polysaccharide.

A

cell wall

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25
Q

Carbohydrates composed of two monosaccharide residues united by a glycosidic linkages.

A

disaccharide

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26
Q

The most abundant polysaccharide or organic substance found in nature. It is the chief structural component of plants and wood.

A

cellulose

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27
Q

The organisms which can be seen only using electron microscope.

A

viruses

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28
Q

The following are most abundant inorganic elements found in all living organisms EXCEPT:
a. hydrogen
b. oxygen
c. carbon
d. sulfur

A

d. sulfur

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29
Q

A polysaccharide known as the energy-storage carbohydrate of the animal kingdom.

A

glycogen

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30
Q

Sugar that yields galactose and glucose when metabolized or hydrolyzed by an enzyme/acid.

A

lactose

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31
Q

How many chiral carbons does fructose have?

A

3

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32
Q

Monosaccharides that are epimers.

A

D-glucose and D-galactose

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33
Q

Monosaccharide that are anomers.

a. α-D-glu & β-L-glu
b. α-D-glu & β-D-glu
c. α-D-fru & β-L-glu
d. α-D-gal & β-D-glu

A

b. α-D-glucose & β-D-glucose

34
Q

How many chiral carbons does D-arabinose have?

A

3

35
Q

A Disaccharide linked by β-1,4-glycosidic linkage.

A

lactose

36
Q

Monosaccharides that are enantiomers.

A

D-glucose & L-glucose

37
Q

(TRUE or FALSE) Intermolecular rearrangement of the carbohydrate monosaccharide from fisher projection result in a cyclic or ring structure.

A

FALSE

38
Q

The following are low fiber complex carbohydrates EXCEPT:
a. cereals
b. lettuce
c. banana
d. tomato

A

b. lettuce

39
Q

The following are non-carbohydrate sugars EXCEPT:
a. cyclamate
b. saccharin
c. aspartame
d. ribose

A

d. ribose

40
Q

What principal monosaccharide is used in the formation of milk in the mammary tissue.

A

galactose

41
Q

During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are converted to glucose and oxygen by

A

green plants

42
Q

What is the process of breaking down carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and water in the body?

A

metabolism

43
Q

The following carbohydrates are linked via α-1,4-glycosidic bond EXCEPT:
a. amylose
b. glycogen
c. maltose
d. cellulose

A

d. cellulose

44
Q

Which sugar is NOT a reducing sugar?

A

sucrose

45
Q

What kind of process is involved in the breakdown of glucose to chemical energy in order for the cells to do work?

A

oxidation

46
Q

Carbohydrate that gives molecule when it is completely hydrolyzed is known as a

A

disaccharides

47
Q

a monosaccharide that consists of 5 carbon atoms which is a group of ketone

A

ketopentose

48
Q

a monosaccharide that contains 4 carbon atoms which is an aldehyde group

A

aldotetrose

49
Q

Hydrocarbon contains only the elements…

A

carbon and hydrogen

50
Q

reduction of monosaccharides produces

A

sugar alcohols

51
Q

In the L-isomer of a Fischer projection of a monosaccharide, the -OH group furthest away from the carbonyl is written…

A

on the left of the bottom chiral carbon

52
Q

One difference between L-glucose and D-glucose is

A

only D-glucose is found in disaccharides and polysaccharides

53
Q

Glycosidic bond between the two monosaccharides can be classified as

A

ether bond

54
Q

In a disaccharide, two monosaccharides are joined by what kind of bond?

A

glycosidic bond

55
Q

Contains a B-1-4-glycosidic bond

A

Lactose

56
Q

Maltose is a

A

disaccharide

57
Q

contains an a-1-6 branches

A

Glycogen

58
Q

Cellulose is not digestible to humans because it contains units linked by
____-glycodic acid

A

B-1-4

59
Q

Amylose is a form of starch with

A

only an a-1-4 link bonds glucose units

60
Q

Humans can’t digest cellulose because

A

humans lack necessary enzymes to digest B-glycosides

61
Q

Aspartame and Saccharin are examples of

A

noncarbohydrate sweeteners

62
Q

In this disorder an enzyme is missing that is needed to convert galactose to glucose

A

Galactosemia

63
Q

Under acid hydrolysis conditions, starch is converted to

A

Glucose

64
Q

Maltose can be classified as a(n)

A

disaccharide

65
Q

The glucose level in the blood is higher the normal.

A

Hyperglycemia

66
Q

The glucose level level in the blood is lower the normal.

A

Hypoglycemia

67
Q

Breakdown of carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and water in body, is called..

A

Respiration

68
Q

Photosynthesis uses ____ as an energy source

A

Sunlight

69
Q

Galactose is a product of enzymatic hydrolysis of…

A

Lactose

70
Q

Conversion between a (alpha) and b (beta) anomers is called

A

Mutarotation

71
Q

Disaccharide that occurs as a breakdown product of starch

A

Maltose

72
Q

A carbohydrate that stores energy in the human body

A

Glycogen

73
Q

A disaccharide consisting of glucose and fructose

A

Sucrose

74
Q

A disaccharide consisting of 2 glucose molecules

A

Maltose

75
Q

Unbranched carbohydrate that stores glucose in plants

A

Amylose

76
Q

Amylopectin

A

Glucose

77
Q

Lactose

A

Glucose + Galactose

78
Q

Glycogen

A

Glucose

79
Q

Maltose

A

Glucose

80
Q

Sucrose

A

Glucose + Fructose

Biochemistry (1st Year) (5 decks)

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