Carbohydrates - Macro Nutrient Flashcards
Where are Carbohydrates found?
Food & Drink
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What are Carbohydrates
It is a Macronutrient that is needed by all animals
What are the function of Carbohydrates
To give the body energy
Helps the body get rid of Waste
What are the 3 main types of Carbohydrates
Sugar, Starches & Fibre
What do Simple Carbohydrates do?
Raise the body’s blood sugar quickly.
They enter the bloodstream rapidly as they are eaten
Give two examples of Sugar (SIMPLE) Carbohydrates
Fruits
Fruit juice
Vegetables
Honey
Maple syrup
Dairy products
Sugar (white sugar, brown sugar, cane sugar, coconut sugar, etc.)
Candy
Soda
Give two examples of Starch (COMPLEX) Carbohydrates
Oats
Rice
Brown Rice
Corn
Peas
Beans
Lentils
Potatoes
Sweet potatoes
Squash
Grain products (cereal, pasta, etc.)
What do Complex Carbohydrates do?
These keep blood sugar levels constant, because they enter the blood stream very slowly.
Give two examples of Fibre (Complex) Carbohydrates
Fruits
Vegetables
Whole grains
Beans
Lentils
Nuts
Seeds
What is the SCIENTIFIC name of a SINGLE sugar
MONOsaccharides
Name the 3 SINGLE Sugars
Glucose, Fructose and Galactose
What is the SCIENTIFIC name of a DOUBLE sugar
DIsaccharides
Name 3 DOUBLE Sugars
Maltose, Lactose and Sucrose
What are MANY sugars joined together called?
POLYsaccharides
Name the POLYsaccarides
Starches, Fibre and Glycogen
What is a Free Sugar
Free sugar is what we call any sugar added to a food or drink.
Or the sugar that is already in honey, syrup and fruit juice.
These are free because they’re not inside the cells of the food we eat i.e. when we make a smoothie
What is Fruit Sugar
It occurs naturally in fruit & vegetables
What happens when fruit is turned into fruit juice?
The sugars come out of their cells and become Free Sugars.
The fibre is lost and it’s easier to consume extra sugar without realising.
What is a Hidden sugar
Sugar found in food you wouldn’t normally expect, i.e. cereal and savoury food
What is the scientific name for STARCHES
POLYsaccharides
What is Glycogen
Source of energy your body stores in your Liver & Muscles. Your body needs carbohydrates to form GLYCOGEN
What happens if you have deficiency in Carbohydrates
Lack of Energy
Tiredness
Glucose in the blood sugar will drop making you weak
What happens if you have too many Carbohydrates
Energy will be converted into fat and stored in the body.
You will put on weight
What are NMES
Non Milk Extrinsic Sugars - Added sugars to food
