Carbohydrates Flashcards
1
Q
Health issues related to CHO
A
diabetes mellitus hypoglycemia disaccharidase deficiencies -abdominal cramps -watery diarrhea -bloating dental caries galactosemia -genetic galactose in blood glycogen storage disease -genetic cannot convert glycogen to glucose
2
Q
Monosaccharides
A
glucose 70
fructose 120-180
galactose
3
Q
Disaccharides
A
sucrose 1 -glucose/fructose lactose 20 -glucose/galatose maltose 40 -glucose/glucose
4
Q
Polysaccharides
A
Starches -amylose -amylopectin (branched) Cellulose Glycogen Others
5
Q
Relative sweetness
A
based on sucrose (1)
6
Q
Artificial sweeteners
A
sunett sweet one (acesulfame-K) nutrasweet (aspartame, saccharin) sucaryl (cyclamate, neotame) splenda (sucralose) tagatose
7
Q
Amylose
A
alpha 1,4
8
Q
Amylopectin
A
alpha 1,4 and alpha 1,6
9
Q
Cellulose
A
beta 1,4
10
Q
Total fiber
A
sum of dietary and functional
dietary is nondigestible while functional is digestible and beneficial
11
Q
Starch
A
salivary amylase in mouth, pancreatic amylase in small intestine -> (maltase) glucose
12
Q
Maltose
A
maltase in small intestine (glucose)
13
Q
Glucose
A
glucose all the way
14
Q
Sucrose
A
HCl in stomach can change it to glucose or fructose -> (sucrase) glucose or fructose
15
Q
Fructose
A
fructose all the way
