CARBOHYDRATES

Question 1

what 3 things are considered carbohydrates

Answer 1

starch
sugar
non starch polysaccharide (fibre)

Question 2

what does sugar and starch do

Answer 2

provide the body with energy

Question 3

what does fibre not do

Answer 3

provide the body with energy

Question 4

how many kcal does sugar and starch provide the body per 1g

Answer 4

3.75kcal

Question 5

how is starch formed and what happens when its digested

Answer 5

formed from thousands of glucose units joined together. when digested the big molecule is gradually broken down into smaller pieces and as this happens energy is released into the body

Question 6

give 6 examples of starch

Answer 6

bread
pasta
cous cous
rice
potatoes
wholegrain breakfast cereals

Question 7

what is sugar

Answer 7

a very small molecule and its digested very quickly- this is why it provides a fairly immediate supply of energy

Question 8

give 6 examples of sugary foods

Answer 8

biscuits
cakes 
sweets
crisps
fizzy drinks
milk/white chocolate

Question 9

how much fibre are adults recommended to take each day

Answer 9

18g

Question 10

what are the 2 types of fibre

Answer 10

insoluble

soluble

Question 11

give 5 foods high in insoluble fibre

Answer 11

wholegrain bread
wholegrain pasta
wholegrain rice
pulses
fruits with skins

Question 12

what is the function of insoluble fibre

Answer 12

acts like a sponge and absorbs water as it moves through the digestive system. this adds bulk to the faeces, making it soft and easily removed from the body

Question 13

what can a lack of insoluble fibre cause

Answer 13

constipation
bowel cancer
diverticular disease

Question 14

what is constipation

Answer 14

the faeces becomes very hard and moves slowly through the intestine and a lot of effort is required to remove them

Question 15

when does diverticular disease occur

Answer 15

when increased pressure (due to lack of fibre and water) causes pouches of the bowel lining to be forced out through the intestinal wall. if the get inflamed/infected they will be painful

Question 16

give 4 examples of soluble fibre

Answer 16

oats
fruit
pulses
root vegetables

Question 17

what is the main function of soluble fibre

Answer 17

helps reduce blood cholesterol levels and therefore reduce the risk of CHD and stroke

Question 18

what do most foods rich in fibre contain

Answer 18

a mix of soluble and insoluble fibre

Question 19

eating too many sugary and starchy carbohydrates may increase your risk of developing what

Answer 19

obesity

Question 20

why can starch and sugar cause obesity and what can it lead to in later life

Answer 20

they both provide energy and if the energy isn't all used up it will store as fat in the body. this increases the risk of developing:
type 2 diabetes
CHD
HBP
stroke
later on in life

Question 21

what should you get most of your energy from and why

Answer 21

starchy carbohydrates
they provide you with a range of different nutrients, a steady release of energy which lasts longer and it helps to maintain blood sugar levels in the blood

Question 22

why shouldn’t you get most of your energy from sugary foods

Answer 22

it only provides a ‘quick’ release of energy and too many foods contain sugar which can lead to tooth decay

Question 23

what causes tooth decay

Answer 23

bacteria in the mouth feed on the sugar on the food we eat and produces an acid. the sticky mixture of food, bacteria and acid is known as plaque. the acid erodes the tooth enamel eventually causing tooth decay

Question 24

fizzy drinks are a sugary food, what else does it contain and what does it do

Answer 24

a substance called phosphoric acid that dissolves tooth enamel

Question 25

give a word equation to show your understanding of the process leading to tooth enamel

Answer 25

bacteria + sugar + acid > tooth decay

[ plaque ] [ dental caries ]

Question 26

give 6 ways a parent can reduce the risk of their child developing tooth decay

Answer 26

• have milk/water instead of sugary drinks
• healthy snacks (fruit) instead of sweets
• choose sugar free sweets/chocolate for better alternative
• brush their teeth twice a day with fluoride toothpaste for 2 mins.
• limit the amount of sweets the child has
• high fibre foods

Question 27

what would a lack of energy result in

Answer 27

lethargy and weight loss