Carbohydrates Flashcards
State the elements present in carbohydrates
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
State the general formula of carbohydrates
(CH20)x
Define the term monsaccharide
A monomer of carbohydrates. A single sugar
Define the term disaccharide
A molecule comprised of two monosaccharides, joined together by glycosidic bonds.
Define the term polysaccharide
A polymer made up of many sugar monomers.
Define the term pentose sugar
A monosaccharide composed of 5 carbons
Define the term hexose sugar
A monosaccharide composed of 6 carbons
Define the term triose sugar
A monosaccharied containing 3 carbon atoms e.g. L-glyceraldehyde and D- glyceraldehyde
Draw a molecule of alpha glucose, beta glucose and ribose
Draw a diagram
Define the term isomer
Isomers are molecules with the same moleclear formula but are arranged differently
Describe the difference between alpha- and beta-glucose.
Alpha glucose has an -OH hydroxyl group that points downwards, away from the ring.
Beta glucose has an -OH hydroxyl group that points upwards above the ring.
Draw a table listing the similarities and differences between alpha glucose and ribose
Similarities:
- both carbohydrates
- both monosaccharides
- they both have the same general formula
- they both form rings or chains
- they are both soluable in water
Differences:
- Glucose is a hexose sugar and ribose is a pentose sugar
- Glucose has 6 carbons and ribose has 5
- Glucose’s main function is the production of ATP during aerobic resp
- Ribose forms a component of nucleotide DNA and RNA
List 3 examples of disaccharides and for each state which monosaccharides they are composed of.
Sucrose - formed from a glucose and a fructose monosaccharide
Lactose - a glucose and a galactose
Maltose - two alpha glucose monosaccharides
State the properties and functions of glucose
- Is a hexose sugar and can either be alpha or beta glucose which both a ring structure
- Its structure makes it soluble so it can be easily transported. It is polar which means it is hydrophylic and so hydrogen bonds form between the hydroxyl group and water molecules
- It’s chemical bonds contain a lot of energy, this relates to its function as the main energy source in animals and plants
State the functions and properties of fructose
- A hexose monosaccharide.
- It is the suagr found in fruit. It is used as a sugar substitute for diabetics