Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AS-Level Biology > Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Carbohydrates Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

A single sugar, a basic carbohydrate monomer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

Dissacharides are double sugars formed from 2 monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are polysaccharides

A

Complex molecules consisting of many monomers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the formula for all glucose molecules

A

C6H12O6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Draw an α-glucose molecule

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Draw a β-glucose molecule

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an isomer?

A

An Isomer is two substancess that have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Disaccharides are formed when to monosaccharides undergo a ______ reaction

A

Condensation reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The disaccharide can be broken down into two monosaccharides in a _______ reaction

A

hydrolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When two monosaccharides join they form a_________

A

1,4 glycosidic bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Two important disaccharides are:

A

Maltose= 2 alpha glucose

Sucrose= Fructose and alpha glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the formula for disaccharides

A

C12H22O11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the general formula of polysaccharides?

A

(C6H10O5)n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The 3 polysaccharides you need to know:

A

Starch, glycogen and cellulose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Starch

A

mixture of amylose and amylopectin.

Amylose is is many alpha glucose molecules linked by 1-4 glycosidic bonds. Unbranched

Amylopectin is many alpha glucose molecules linked by 1-4 glycosidic bonds. It is branched every ten glucose monomers and has 1-6 glycosidic bonds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why is starch such a good storage molecule

A

Starch is an excellent storage molecule because:

both amylopectin and amylose are compact containing more glucoes in a small space

Insoluble in water

Being a large molecule it will not easily pass through cell membrane

The branching nature means many terminal ends which means hydrolysis can occur quicker

17
Q

Glycogen

A

Glycogen is found in animal cells and is in the form of long aplha glucose chains. They branch every 8 units.

18
Q

Why is glycogen a good storage molecule

A

compact

soluble

more terminal ends=faster hydrolysis

19
Q

Cellulose

A

Structural role, made off monomers of beta glucose;

two chains are adjacent and are anti-parallel

they form hydrogen bond cross linkages

they group together and form microfibrils

plant cell walls= microfibrils in lattice structure in improve lattice strength

20
Q

What are lipids

A

Lipids are insoluble in water byt are soluble in organic solvents

The main types of lipids are triglycerides, phosopholids

21
Q

triglycerides

A

Triglycerides are made of glycerol and a fatty acid

In each triglyceride one glycerol molecule is joined with 3 fatty acid molecules in a condensation reaction

AN ESTER BOND IS FORMED IN EACH CONDENSATION REACTION

Excellent energy store as they release more energy per unit mass than carb. Important for insulation and protection

22
Q

Saturated and unsaturated fats

A

Saturated fats= LInked by C-C single bonds

Unsaturated fats= linked by C=C double bonds (if there is one bond it is monounsaturated if there are more it is polyunsaturated)

23
Q

Fats and Oils?

A

fats=solid at RC, animal product and usually formed of saturated chains

Oils=liquid at RC, plant products and are usually formed of unsaturated chains

24
Q

Phospholipids

A

Hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic head. They are polar molecules, important for determining their orientation

25
Q

Proteins

A

Large polymers of amino acid sub-units, the amino acids determine the shape. They differ through having alternative R-groups.

they are linked by peptide bonds, joined by condesation reactions. Two peptides=dipeptide many peptides=polypeptide

26
Q

Primary, secondary, tertiary and quarternary?

A

Primary structure= Sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

Secondary structure= Amino acids form hydrogen bonds and go into either alpha helix or beta-pleated sheets shapes.

Tertiary structure= Further folding of secondary structure, many bonds form: ( hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, disulfide bonds, hydrophobic interatictions

Quarternary= Many tertiary structures bonded together. This is called a conjugated protein, e.g. haemoglobin

27
Q

Fibrous proteins

A

Collagen= 3 identical polypeptides wound round each other

Fibres

insoluble

28
Q

Globular

A

Haemoglobin is globular

form specific shapes

29
Q

Tests

A

Benedicts= carbs blue to brick red

Clinistix=glucose, turns blue

Biuret=Protein, blue to lilac

iodine= starch, yellow-brown to blue-black

AS-Level Biology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions