carbohydrates Flashcards
simple sugars:
Alone or pairs
Same number of carbon and oxygen
made of C, O and H
complex sugars:
When they link up together to make long chains
Sugars: saccarides
mono- one
di- two
oligo- three-nine
Poly- many
Glucose
monosaccharide
Main source of calories
Fructose
- Found in fruit and veg
Galactose
- milk and sugar
Links with glucose to form LACTOSE (which is a disaccharide).
Sucrose
table sugar
Disaccharide
maltose
Disaccharide
2 glucoses
What is glycosidic bonding?
When an OH from the carbon of 1 monosaccharide joins with the hydrogen of the 2nd monosaccharide together which produces H2O.
This is how 2 monosaccharides bond.
Glycosidic bond…carbs bond?
Carbs bond, a condensation reaction occurs - produces H2O- to join 2 monosaccharides.
How is a disaccharide formed
Disaccharide is 2 monosaccharides joined by an oxygen.
What happens when disaccharides hydrolyse
Disaccharides hydrolyse - reaction that breaks down large molecules- to form monosaccharides.
Ribose & deoxyribose r both what sugars
Pentose (5)
If 2 monosaccharides are next to eachother it’s a what bond
Alpha
If 2 monosaccharides are above and below eachother it’s a what bond
Beta bond
How does the numbers for alpha and beta work?
Whatever number of carbon on the 1st monosaccharide joins to the other number of carbon on the 2nd monosaccharide makes the bond.
EG- the 2nd carbon and 1st carbon would make a 2-1 (alpha/beta bond)
