Carbohydrates Flashcards
Most abundant in the diet because widely available, low cost and practical storage
Carbohydrates
The body’s chief source of energy
Organic compounds or carbon, hydrogen and Oxygen
Stored in the muscles and the liver
Carbohydrates
Occurs mostly as part of lactose
Hydrolyzed from lactose
Galactose
Milk sugar
Found in mammary glands not in plants
Helps the body absorb calcium
Least sweet of all
(Glucose + Galactose)
Lactose
Levulose or fruit sugar
Found in honey, fruits and vegetables
Fructose
Simplest form of carbs
Sweet and require no digestion and can be absorbed directly into bloodstream
Includes glucose, fructose and galactose
Monosaccharide
Dextrose or grape sugar
Physiology sugar
only sugar in the blood
end product of CHO
Found naturally in corn syrup
Glucose
Pairs of single sugars linked together
All types contain glucose as one of their single sugars
Disaccharide
Table or white sugar
Usually obtained by refining the juice from sugar beets ir sugarcane
Occurs naturally in many fruits and veggies
(Glucose + fructose)
Sucrose
Plant sugar consists of two glucose
Used as a sweetener
Produced when starch breaks down in plants with the aid of enzyme
Created during fermentation process
Found in some infant formulas, malt products and beer
(Glucose + Glucose)
Maltose
- commonly called complex carbohydrates
- compounds of many monosaccharides
- types:
- Starch
- Glycogen
- Fiber (soluble and insoluble)
Polysaccharides
Storage form of glucose in the body
Approximately one half day supply of energy is stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles
Hormone glucagon in the liver will help convert it into glucose again
Glycogen
Storage form of glucose in plants
Worlds most abundant and cheap form of CHO
Supply energy over a longer period of time
Mostly found in grains and cereals, cooked dried beans
Starch
Also called roughage
Indigestible because it cannot be broken down by digestive enzymes
Types:
soluble and insoluble
Fiber
Dissolves in water, forms gel and more readily digested by bacteria in the human large intestine
Primary found in fruits, veggies and oats, barley and grains
Binds bile acids so that they can be absorbed in the colon leading to excretion
Soluble fibers
