Carbohydrates Flashcards
Most abundant biomolecules
in nature.
Carbohydrates
A carbohydrate is a biological molecule consisting:
- carbon
- hydrogen
- oxygen
Carbohydrates are produced by the process of _______________ in which six carbon sugars or hexoses are produced using energy of sunlight, green pigment chlorophyll, CO2 and H2O by green plants.
photosynthesis
reactants in the process of photosynthesis
- sunlight
- carbon dioxide
- water
products of photosynthesis
sugars and oxygen
Carbohydrates are produced from _____________________________r by plants through the process of photosynthesis.
carbon dioxide and water
The primary function of the carbohydrates in living organisms is as an ___________________.
energy source
A functional group with one hydrogen and one oxygen atom.
Hydroxyl group
It is the simplest and most common example of hydroxyl group.
water molecule or H2O
-OH
Hydroxyl group
C = O
Carbonyl group
It is probably the most important functional group in organic chemistry.
carbonyl group
It is found in carbohydrates, fats, proteins, nucleic acids, hormones, and vitamins—organic compounds critical to living systems.
carbonyl group
It is composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, and it is divalent (an atom having two covalent bonds) at the C atom.
carbonyl group
Primary members of carbonyl groups are:
- aldehydes
- ketones
- carboxylic acids
Carbohydrates are often referred to as _______________, derived from the GReek word ____________, meaning “sugar”.
saccharides, sakcharon
Monosaccharides are also called ___________________
“simple sugars”
___________________ are the common base unit of all carbohydrate molecules. It cannot be broken down into smaller carbohydrate molecules.
Monosaccharides
Characteristic of Monosaccharides
soluble in water
When the carbonyl group is linked to one alkyl or aryl group and one hydrogen atom, the resulting carbonyl compound is
called _____________.
aldehyde
The general formula of an aldehyde is
R-CHO
Carbonyl compounds in which the carbonyl carbon is linked to two alkyl or aryl groups.
Ketones
The chemical formulae of ketones
R-(C=O)-R’
H2O is used to break down bonds
Hydrolysis
_______________ is formed by removing one hydrogen from the alkane chain. It is name by replacing the suffix -ane with -yl.
Alkyl group
It is derived from the aromatic ring due
to the removal of a Hydrogen atom from the aromatic ring. These groups are usually found in cyclic form
Aryl group
The ___________ represents any generic alkyl group, which is a group of atoms derived from an alkane by removing one hydrogen atom.
R group
When the functional group in monosaccharides is an aldehyde.
Aldoses
When the functional group in monosaccharides is a ketone group
Ketoses
Naturally occurring monosaccharides have _____________ carbon atoms . The most common are __________________ carbon.
three to seven, five and six
