Carbohydrates

Question 1

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 1

They contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (CH2O). They include sugars, starches and fibres.

Question 2

Where can we find Carbohydrates?

Answer 2

Found in rice, potatoes, bread, yams, beans, sugar, honey, milk, popcorn, cookies, spaghetti, soft drinks, corn, fruits.

Question 3

Unhealthy foods

Answer 3

white bread, pastries, sodas, and other higly processed or refined foods.

Question 4

Healthier foods

Answer 4

Unprocessed or minimally processed whole grains, vegetables, fruits and beans.

Question 5

Monosaccharides

Answer 5

Carbohydrate made of one unit of sugar. Building blocks (monomers) of all carbohydrates.

Question 6

Common monosaccharides

Answer 6

Glucose, fructose and galactose

Question 7

Glucose

Answer 7

Simple sugar
Used in respiration and transported in the blood
Water soluble
Energy source for cells

Question 8

Fructose

Answer 8

Sugar in fruits and plants

Question 9

Galactose

Answer 9

Sugar in milk

Question 10

Disaccharides

Answer 10

Formed when monosaccharides are joined together through dehydration reactions forming glycosidic linkages.

Question 11

Common disaccharides

Answer 11

Maltose, sucrose and lactose

Question 12

Maltose

Answer 12

Malt sugar

Made up of two glucose molecules

Question 13

Sucrose

Answer 13

Table sugar

Made up of glucose and fructose

Question 14

Lactose

Answer 14

Milk sugar

Made up of glucose and galactose

Question 15

Polysaccharides

Answer 15

Formed when glucose monomers link together to form long chains. These long chains of glucose units are ideal for storing energy. The chains can be straight or branched.

Question 16

How plants store energy (starch)

Answer 16

They store energy in the form of amylose (straight chains) or amylopectin (branched chains)

Question 17

How humans and animals store energy

Answer 17

Animals differ from plants in that they store energy in the form of glycogen, which is a highly branched polysaccharide that can be broken down quickly to supply energy to tissues.

Question 18

Examples of polysaccharides

Answer 18

Cellulose, chitin and peptidoglycan (serve as structural molecules in organisms)

Question 19

Cellulose

Answer 19

Found in cell walls of plants

Question 20

Chitin

Answer 20

Forms exoskeleton of insects and crustaceans

Question 21

Peptidoglycan

Answer 21

Found in cell walls of bacteria

Question 22

What do carbohydrates do?

Answer 22

They provide us with with a source of energy that is easily respired. Simple sugars are abrorbed almost immediately by the stomach into the blood to give an immediate source of energy. This energy is released as a result of respiration.

Question 23

Complex carbohydrate found in plants (polysaccharides)

Answer 23

Starch

Question 24

Complex carbohydrate found in animals (polysaccharides)

Answer 24

Glycogen (stored in liver and muscles)

Question 25

Simple sugar (monosaccharides and disaccharides)

Answer 25

Glucose

Question 26

Starch stores

Answer 26

Energy