Carbohydrates 1 : Sugar 2.2.3

Question 1

Give 3 uses of carbohydrates

Answer 1

• Energy store (starch and glycogen)
• Structural (cellulose)
• Substrate for respiration (glucose)

Question 2

What is a monosaccharide?

Answer 2

A single sugar unit

Question 3

What is a disaccharide?

Answer 3

Two single sugar units bonded together

Question 4

What is a polysaccharide?

Answer 4

Long chains of sugar units

Question 5

Give an example of a monosaccharide

Answer 5

Glucose - C6,H12,O6

Question 6

Give 4 disaccharide formulas

Answer 6

• a-glucose+a-glucose=maltose
• a-glucose+fructose=sucrose
• B-galactose+a-glucose=lactose
• B-glucose+B-glucose=cellobiose

Question 7

What is the bond called that forms following the condensation reaction?

Answer 7

Glycosidic bond

Question 8

What is a condensation reaction?

Answer 8

A reaction that involves the removal of water, to break something apart

Question 9

What is a hydrolysis reaction?

Answer 9

A reaction that involves the addition of water, to put something together.

Question 10

What are the 3 sugar formations?

Answer 10

Hexose: 6 carbons
Pentose: 5 carbons
Triose: 3 carbons

Question 11

What is isomerism?

Answer 11

A substance could have a different structural formula to one another, but always the same chemical formula.

Question 12

Give an example of an isomer

Answer 12

a-glucose and B-glucose

Question 13

Give 2 examples of pentose sugars

Answer 13

Ribose (RNA, ATP, NAD) C5,H10,O5
Deoxyribose (DNA) C5,H10,O4