Capacity, Duration, Coding Flashcards
Capacity
STM study
Jacobs (1887) used digit span to measure STM he found items 9.3 and words to 7.3
After reveiwing this Miller found that we remember 7 +/- 2
Capacity
STM evaluation
-Cowans (2001) said that capacity is likely to be capped at 4 Chunks for a visual stimuli as supported by reaserch by Vogel
Simon (1974) found that people could rember more one syllable word than larger chunks.
Jacobs found that personal details (age) is also a variable.
Duration
STM- study
Peterson and peterson (1959)- nonsense syllable and three digit number and go them to count back in threes (3,6,9,12 etc)
It showed that 90% was correct over the first 3 seconds it dropped to 20% after 9 then all the way to 2% after the 18 seconds
showing duration of STM is very short
Duration
LTM Study
Bharick et al (1975) tested 400 people from 17-74 with their memory of school classmates.
They originally showed them photos then they did a free- recall test of a list of named classmates.
He found photo study 15 years after graduating- 90% accuracy and after 40 years there was only 70%
in the free recall 15 years- 60%
40 years- 30%
Duration
Evaluation
Their study was artificial as its not what you do on a daily basis so it lacks mundain realism.
the counting tasl took the plase of the constant syllabl. In Reitmans study (1974) he used audio instead of counting backwards and the STM was longer.
Coding
STM and LTM study
Baddeley (1966)- gave participants a list of words that are acoustically similar (cat, cab, can) or disimilar words that had the same meaning (big, large, great)
sound the same- short term
similar meanings- long term
Coding
Evaluation
Baddeley didnt test long term memory as he only left 20 minutes before he tested LTM- which insufficient time.
Branditmonte (1992)- when participants were given a visual task and not allowed to rehearse they could still recall so they are not exclusively acoustic.
Frost (1972) recall for LTM was visual and not just semantic
