Canvas Quizzes for Midterm 1

Question 1

A smooth feel and matte surfaces indicate a high percentage of which soil separate?

Answer 1

silt

Question 2

clay particles adhere to each other, forming aggregates

Answer 2

flocculation

Question 3

describes the yellowness or redness of a soil

Answer 3

hue

Question 4

a smaller number (bottom of munsell color chart) indicates a darker type of soil than a larger number (top of page)

Answer 4

value

Question 5

irregular areas of different yellow/red and grey/blue/green colors due to seasonally poor aeration and imeded drainage

Answer 5

mottling

Question 6

organic horizon bulk density

Answer 6

0.2

Question 7

clay rich soil when dry bulk density

Answer 7

1.8

Question 8

lead bulk density

Answer 8

11.3

Question 9

water bulk density

Answer 9

1.0

Question 10

cultivated clay bulk density

Answer 10

1.2

Question 11

structure that is common in E horizon, inherited from parent material, or caused by compaction

Answer 11

platy

Question 12

structure that is typical for A horzions

Answer 12

granular

Question 13

structure that is common in B horizons in (semi) arid climates

Answer 13

columnar or prismatic

Question 14

rain water wetting the topsoils

Answer 14

infiltration

Question 15

water moving through a b horizon toward an aquifer

Answer 15

percolation

Question 16

a flooded street

Answer 16

(surface) runoff

Question 17

an area of land drained by a single system of streams

Answer 17

watershed

Question 18

water emitted to the atmosphere from wet surfaces

Answer 18

evaporation

Question 19

Spell out the terms for the terrestrial water balance equation

Answer 19

Precipitation = evaporations and transpiration + soil storage + discharge

Question 20

A valley with shallow soils overlaying impermeable bedrock is drained by a single river. It receives 680 mm of precipitation per year, approximately half as snow and half as rain.

From measurements of the river’s depth, width, and velocity, it is determined that approximately 450 mm of water is discharged each year.

How much water [mm] is lost from the valley to the atmosphere by evapotranspiration?

Answer 20

230

Question 21

Cutting down trees to build housing units results in ____ river discharge and surface erosions because less water is returned to the atmosphere by ____

Answer 21

more
transpiration

Question 22

Evaporation and transpiration are limited by the availability of water and ___

Answer 22

energy