Canvas Quizzes for Midterm 1 Flashcards
A smooth feel and matte surfaces indicate a high percentage of which soil separate?
silt
clay particles adhere to each other, forming aggregates
flocculation
describes the yellowness or redness of a soil
hue
a smaller number (bottom of munsell color chart) indicates a darker type of soil than a larger number (top of page)
value
irregular areas of different yellow/red and grey/blue/green colors due to seasonally poor aeration and imeded drainage
mottling
organic horizon bulk density
0.2
clay rich soil when dry bulk density
1.8
lead bulk density
11.3
water bulk density
1.0
cultivated clay bulk density
1.2
structure that is common in E horizon, inherited from parent material, or caused by compaction
platy
structure that is typical for A horzions
granular
structure that is common in B horizons in (semi) arid climates
columnar or prismatic
rain water wetting the topsoils
infiltration
water moving through a b horizon toward an aquifer
percolation
a flooded street
(surface) runoff
an area of land drained by a single system of streams
watershed
water emitted to the atmosphere from wet surfaces
evaporation
Spell out the terms for the terrestrial water balance equation
Precipitation = evaporations and transpiration + soil storage + discharge
A valley with shallow soils overlaying impermeable bedrock is drained by a single river. It receives 680 mm of precipitation per year, approximately half as snow and half as rain.
From measurements of the river’s depth, width, and velocity, it is determined that approximately 450 mm of water is discharged each year.
How much water [mm] is lost from the valley to the atmosphere by evapotranspiration?
230
Cutting down trees to build housing units results in ____ river discharge and surface erosions because less water is returned to the atmosphere by ____
more
transpiration
Evaporation and transpiration are limited by the availability of water and ___
energy
