Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC 345A - Midterm #3 > Cannabis - Marijuana > Flashcards

Cannabis - Marijuana Flashcards

1
Q

What does hemp refer to?

A

the plant fibers used for material items, NOT the drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

_____ comes from the leafy greens and ____ comes from the plant resin

A

marijuana ; hashish

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

“dronabinol” is the name for what?

A

generic name - medical marijuana

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is hemp psychoactive?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

_____ is a very different kind of plant, that particularly targets pain relief

A

dronabinol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Synthetic alternatives of cannabinioids (K2 or Spice) emerged from scientific research that was meant to study the effects of what? What do these alternatives exhibit?

A

effects of the drug on receptors

exhibit stimulant and hallucinogenic properties - FULL AGONIST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Synthetic Cannabinoids are full agonists, they are much more ____ and induce real _____

A

potent; hallucinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In phytocannabinoids, such as tetrahydrocannabinol, the ____ are active.

A

metabolites (cannabinol and cannabidiol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

11-hydroxy-9-THC is formed in the ____ from ____ - it is the most active metabolite

A

liver from THC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

tetrahydrocannabinol is highly ___-soluble, however the molecule is ____ bound

A

lipid ; protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

With addition to tetrahydrocannabinol, there are other cannabinoid ingredients that exist, however they are not as psychoactive. Why?

A

they seem to potentiate or interact with TCH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which drug is “more potent”, hashish or marijuana?

A

hashish - but remember, effects are dose-dependant!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the problem with potency of modern cannabinoids?

A

modern streams show variable and higher concentrations of active compounds: 2% in 80’s compared to 8-20% in 2000’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the three dose dependent effects you see with cannabinoid use?

A

“buzz” –> “high” –> “stoned”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When you are “stoned”, you are considered ______ surpressed

A

cognitively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

During inhalation, how much of the THC is released into the smoke? What affects absorption?

A

only 50%

time held in lungs affects absorption - only 20% is usually absorbed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

_____ _____: second hand inhalation can result in psychoactive levels

A

contact high - little evidence that this is actually a possibility in social situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

During ingestion, first-pass metabolism deactivates __%

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How much do you need to eat compared to inhalation?

A

the metabolites are less psychoactive, so you need to have 3x more to achieve the comparable high to inhalation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How long does it take for cannabinoids to start working and how long to they last for when you inhale vs ingest?

A

inhalation = 1 minute to feel effects and 2/4 hours it lasts

ingestion = 1 hour to feel effects and lasts for 4-6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ingestion of cannabinoids leads to long-term pharmacological action (for about 7 days), how does this work?

A

highly lipid soluble, so it is stored in body-fat and is detectable for a couple days after termination of use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Cannabinoids have partial agonism from the _______ system

A

endocannabinoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In the endocannabinoid system that is responsible for partial agonism, what are the two neurotransmitters?

A

anadamide

2-AG (subtype of serotonin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the two metabotropic receptors involved in partial agonism?

A

CB1 and CB2

25
Q

What is the metabotropic receptor CB1 from the endocannabinoid system responsible for?

A 
motor inhibition
mood elevation
psychosis
memory
cognition, pain relief
appetite
26
Q

CB1 has a stimulating effect that increases ____ in nucleus accumbens (?)

A

dopamine

27
Q

____ _____ molecule: modulates release of neurotransmitter, reducing firing rate. What effect might this have?

A

retrograde NT

calming effect

28
Q

CB2 is manufactured in the _____ and is ____-facilitative (glial cells)

A

hippocampus ; immuno

29
Q

CB2 have a lack of ______ - what is this correlated with?

A

2-AG : correlated with bowel cancer

30
Q

Cancer has __ receptors, that when triggered causes apoptosis

A

CB2 - this response was the “Kronk pull the lever” response we talked about

31
Q

Behavioural effects of delta-9-THC is _____ dependant

A

dose

32
Q

How does delta-9-THC affect motor coordination and reaction time at low doses?

A

increases motor activity and decreases coordination

33
Q

How does delta-9-THC affect motor coordination and reaction time at high doses?

A

decreases motor activity and increases in reaction time - compensatory reactions to disruptions in vigilance

34
Q

“persistent lack of motivation to engage in productive activities”

A

amotivational syndrome

35
Q

T/F: Cannabis makes effortful tasks seem less effortful

A

true

36
Q

Cognitive effects of delta-9-THC are ____ dependant

A

dose

37
Q

delta-9-THC causes what type of impairment?

A

short-term memory

38
Q

cognitive effects of delta-9-THC at low doses?

A

memory deficits with no attention impairment

39
Q

cognitive effects of delta-9-THC at high doses?

A

memory, reasoning, and attention impairment

40
Q

During what phase of the high is perception of time accelerated? What is this caused by

A

“stoned” phase - reduction in blood flow to the cerebellum

41
Q

What is the “flight of ideas” phase of being high?

A

spontaneous, seemingly random ideas - subjectively reported as racing thoughts

42
Q

Long-term effects - what is the “Gateway” theory?

A

that marijuana use will lead to illicit drug use

43
Q

what is the correlated vulnerabilities theory?

A

that drug use is accounted for by the users characteristics - some people are more vulnerable to drug use

44
Q

Long term effects when compared to non-users?

A

verbal fluency & divided attention - these are perseverating

45
Q

Intellectual impairment reversed with ______

A

abstinence

46
Q

What happens with early onset heavy use of cannabinoids?

A

severe verbal IQ deficits

47
Q

Individuals who use cannabinoids for long term put themselves at a 40% higher chance for what?

A

schizophrenia
GAD
depression

*younger age of onset increases risk

48
Q

Individuals who use cannabinoids for long term put themselves at a 40% higher chance for schizophrenia, GAD, and depression. This results from changes in what?

A

dopaminergic pathway , NOT changes to endocannabinoid system

49
Q

8 week in lab study on cannabinoid tolerance. Given free access to joints, how many did people request on day 1 compared to day 21?

A

Day 1 - 1 per day

Day 21 - 19 per day

50
Q

During the 8 week in lab study on cannabinoid tolerance, what did participants complain about, and what did this imply?

A

complained joints were becoming weak - they demonstrated suspiciousness, paranoid, agitated, withdrawn, and depressed activity - this implies downregulation of receptors

51
Q

During the 8 week in lab study on cannabinoid tolerance, what did participants demonstrate after week 5 and 6?

A

Week 5: irritability, uncooperativeness, resistance, and hostility, appetite suppression, insomnia

Week 6: symptoms dissipated

52
Q

Cannabis dependence is defined by DSM-V s meeting the criteria of substance dependence, and you are said to have cannabis withdrawal syndrome if you display at least three symptoms. Name some.

A

irritability, anger/aggression, anxiety, depressed mood,

difficulty sleeping, decreased physical symptoms

53
Q

“nausea, vomiting, and colicky abdominal pain as a result of (weekly) cannabis use”

A

cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome - this syndrome focuses on abdominal pain

54
Q

long term marijuana use can influence how your body deals with _____ ______

A

circadian rhythms

55
Q

What are the potential mechanisms (2) for the cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome?

A

(1) hypersensitivity / deregulation of cannabinoid receptors in the hypothalamus
(2) cannabinoid toxicity as a result of buildup in tissue - explains temporal onset and abdominal pain

56
Q

Delta-9-THC low toxicity has no reported overdose. However, it can cause?

A

heart attack

57
Q

Dronabinol, 30 mg/kg, is enough to cause what?

A
  • lethargy
  • decreased motor coordination
  • slurred speech
  • postural hypotension
58
Q

Different cannabinoids result in different effects. What was found when comparing users of CBD + THC, users of THC, and non-users?

A
  • higher incidence of hallucination/delusions in users of THC
  • no difference between non-users and users of CBD + THC because CBD is anxiety reducing (serotonin)

PSYC 345A - Midterm #3 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions