Cannabinoids, Psychoactive, Benzodiazepines Flashcards
What are the 2 main parts of Cannabis?
THC, CBD
Where does THC act?
It acts presynaptically but is on the postsynaptic terminal
What are the 2 types of cannabinoid receptors?
CB1 – highest in the brain and spinal cord
CB2 – highest in the immune system
What does the CB1 receptor do?
CB1 inhibit transmitter release: GABA inhibitory, glutamate excitatory, dopamine
(mainly presynaptic action)
Some found on astrocytes, microglia, not just on neurons
They have a widespread distribution creating many effects
What does the CB2 receptor do?
CB2 receptors: potential role in neural/psychiatric disorders
(mainly postsynaptic)
Types of endocannabinoids?
Anandamide (AEA)
Arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG)
Arachidonic acid can synthesize these
CB1 receptors are what kind of channel?
CB1 – ion channels, K opens, Ca2+ closes
Cannabinoid signaling system?
(action on presynaptic, release postsynaptic)
postsynaptic enzymes produce endogenous cannabinoids but presynaptic CB1 activation inhibits transmitter release
Where are cannabinoids absorbed?
Lungs, skin, GI tract
Distribution of cannabinoids?
lipid soluble, can cross the BBB fast
Metabolism of canabis?
mainly in the liver
Excretion of cannabinoids?
Metabolites in the urine, saliva, sweat
THC induces which Cytochrome P450?
CYP 1A2 inducer
CBD inhibits which cytochrome P450?
CYP3A4 inhibitor
Of the 333 drug interactions with cannabis, which are major drug interactions?
24 major drug interactions, 309 moderate drug interactions
Toxicity of cannabinoids?
Carcinogens similar to cigarettes
Main risk is similar, cancers, heart attacks, strokes
Long term effects are still unknown
Cannabis Use Disorder (CDU)?
Tolerance and dependence (there are withdrawal effects that are not lethal, but opposite in effect of cannabis, excitation)
How long is driving impaired for after cannabis use?
5 hours, since reaction time is reduced
When were the first psychiatric drugs available?
The late 1950s. The introduction of drugs helped a lot of people able to go back to live with their family, learn again, go to university, go to work, have friends and a love life
Schizophrenia is due to?
Increased dopamine in parts of the brain
What does Phenothiazines do?
They block D2 receptors
Effectiveness of antipsychotics correlates to what?
Effectiveness of antipsychotics correlates to block D2 receptors
Dopamine receptors can excite or inhibit, D2 receptors?
D2 – major inhibitory receptors