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Theriogenology > Canine pregnancy > Flashcards

Canine pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

Normal gestation fo bitch

A

“62d”
really 56-58d from onset of metestrus
65 +/-1d from LH surge (progesterone assays)

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2
Q

Small liters have a longer or shorter gestation?

A

longer

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3
Q

When can dogs become anemic in gestation?

A

mid gestation

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4
Q

What hormonal/metabolic effects are common in preg dogs?

A

insulin insensitivity

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5
Q

When does the embryo enter uterus after LH surge?

A

9-11d

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6
Q

When does implantattion occur?

A

day 18 after LH

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7
Q

What is the placentation?

A

endotheliochorial, zonary placentation

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8
Q

What type of vaginal discharge can occur. what is normal, what is abnormal?

A
  1. mucoid to clear: 32 d to term (normal)
  2. hemorrhagic (abortion? pyometra? normal?)
  3. purulent: always abnormal
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9
Q

What is the gestational length from breeding?

A

59-68d

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10
Q

Are dogs CL dependent throughout?

A

yes

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11
Q

What are luteotrophic hormones in the dog?

A

LH, prolactin

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12
Q

Why can termination of pregnancy be difficult in the dog?

A

multiple CL

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13
Q

What happens at 4-5 weeks of gestation that can cause behavioral change?

A

uterus elongates and may fold on its long axis causing pain, anorexia and even vomiting

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14
Q

What occurs at 6th week?

A

mammary glands start to enlarge and abdomen becomes distended

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15
Q

What occurs in 1 week before partuirition?

A

may be mild short lived contractions

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16
Q

What occurs in the last few days before parturition?

A

vulva enlarges
slight mucus discharge
pelvic ligament relax
watery secretion from mammary glands

17
Q

What occurs 24hr before parturition?

A

bitch seeks out place to whelp

anorexia and occasionally vomiting is observed

18
Q

What occurs 12-24 hr before parturitiion?

A

body temp starts to fall, usually by about a degree, which denotes first stage of parturition

19
Q

How do you care for the preg bitch

A
  1. disease prevention (isolate from other dogs, vaccination–no modified live vaccines)
  2. nutrition
20
Q

When should you increase nutrition for preg bitch?

A

25% more and quality increase gradulaly over final 3-4weeks. feed growth/lactation diet during late gestation, feed 3x/day
moderate excercise

21
Q

Why not give supplementary calcium

A

if on a proper diet should not have suppplementary calcium becuase can predispose to eclampsia pre or post partum

22
Q

HOw do you diagnose pregnancy?

A
  1. palpation
  2. radiographs
  3. U/S very useful, not best way to count puppies
  4. relaxin–assays
23
Q

When is abdominal palpation useful?

A

from 28-32 days
concepti are 1-1.5inches in diameter
not if animals timid or obese

24
Q

Why is abdominal palpation difficult after 28-32 d?

A

diffiuclt because of elongation

25
Q

When is radiography useful?

A

42-45d

26
Q

What is the most accurate way to count fetuses?

A

radiography (count skulls)

27
Q

When can you see fetuses on U/S

A

as early as 16-20d of getsation (20d after LH surger)

28
Q

When can you visualize the heart beat

A

25d

29
Q

Is U/S accurate for counting puppies?

A

no

30
Q

When is the best time for U/S for puppies

A

28-32 d (can be difficult after 32d)

31
Q

What can U/S be used for besides preg diagnosis

A

evaluate intestinal motility of puppy, evaluate kidney morphology, evaluate crown rump length
can use to determine timing of elective ultrasound to have viable puppies, see if puppies are stressed or dead (radiography also useful)

32
Q

When is relaxin usually detectable

A

21-25d (20d after LH surge relaxin rapidly increaes)

33
Q

What is relaxin produced by?

A

placenta

34
Q

When do you recommend relaxin measurement?

A

3-4 weeks after last breeding

35
Q

What are comercial kits for relaxin

A

reprocheck
witness
on urine

36
Q

how long does relaxin remain elevated?

A

until parturition

37
Q

How do you prepare for whelping

A

make it private
introduce 1 week before
limit outside contact for pups

Theriogenology (9 decks)

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